Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Aerosol indirect effect during the aberrant Indian Summer Monsoon breaks of 2009
TL;DR: The role of aerosol-cloud interaction during the large-scale drought producing breaks of 2009 Indian Summer Monsoon is investigated in this paper, where it is shown that more aerosols could invigorate deep clouds over specific regions even during the break spells.
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Untangling Microphysical Impacts on Deep Convection Applying a Novel Modeling Methodology. Part II: Double-Moment Microphysics
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of pollution on deep convection dynamics, referred to as the convective invigoration, in simulations applying microphysical piggybacking and a comprehensive double-moment bulk microphysics scheme.
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Aerosol–cloud interactions in mixed-phase convective clouds – Part 1: Aerosol perturbations
Annette K. Miltenberger,Paul R. Field,Paul R. Field,Adrian Hill,Phil Rosenberg,Ben Shipway,Jonathan M. Wilkinson,Robert Scovell,Alan M. Blyth +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, changes induced by perturbed aerosol conditions in moderately deep mixed-phase convective clouds developing along sea-breeze convergencelines are investigated with high-resolution numerical model simulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
A planetary boundary for green water
Lan Wang-Erlandsson,Arne Tobian,Ruud J. van der Ent,Ingo Fetzer,Sofie A. te Wierik,Miina Porkka,Arie Staal,Fernando Jaramillo,Heindriken Dahlmann,Chandrakant Singh,Peter Greve,Dieter Gerten,Patrick W. Keys,Tom Gleeson,Sarah Cornell,Will Steffen,Xuemei Bai,Johan Rockström +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors propose a green water planetary boundary based on root-zone soil moisture and demonstrate that widespread green water modifications now present increasing risks to Earth system resilience. But the green water boundary is not explicitly considered in the existing planetary boundaries framework that demarcates a global safe operating space for humanity.
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Satellite-based PM2.5 estimation directly from reflectance at the top of the atmosphere using a machine learning algorithm
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed an ensemble machine-learning (ML) algorithm for estimating PM2.5 concentration directly from Advanced Himawari Imager satellite measured top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances in 2016 integrated with meteorological parameters.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
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Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more