Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Posted ContentDOI
Operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe
Jaakko Kukkonen,Taru Balk,David M. Schultz,Alexander Baklanov,T. Klein,Ana Isabel Miranda,Alexandra Monteiro,Marcus Hirtl,V. Tarvainen,Michael Boy,V.-H. Peuch,Anastasia Poupkou,Ioannis Kioutsioukis,Sandro Finardi,Mikhail Sofiev,Ranjeet S. Sokhi,Kari E. J. Lehtinen,Kostas Karatzas,R. San José,Marina Astitha,George Kallos,Martijn Schaap,E. Reimer,Hermann Jakobs,Kryštof Eben +24 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe and compare chemical weather forecasting models on regional and continental scales in Europe and highlight the most prominent gaps of knowledge for chemical forecasting models and suggest potential priorities for future research directions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioaerosol Concentrations and Size Distributions during the Autumn and Winter Seasons in an Industrial City of Central China
Lung-Wen Chen,Ting Liu,Mi Zhang,John G. Watson,Judith C. Chow,Junji Cao,Hongyu Chen,Wei Wang,Jiaquan Zhang,Changlin Zhan,Hongxia Liu,Jingru Zheng,Naiwen Chen,Ruizhen Yao,Wensheng Xiao +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the ambient bioaerosols were measured in PM2.5 and PM10 samples taken in Huangshi City, Hubei Province, China, during autumn and winter from November 2017 to February 2018.
Journal ArticleDOI
Attributes of aerosol bound water soluble ions and carbon, and their relationships with AOD over the Brahmaputra Valley
Pranamika Bhuyan,Nivedita Barman,Jayanta Bora,Rebecca Daimari,Pratibha Deka,Raza Rafiqul Hoque +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a ground-based investigation of chemical properties of aerosol as PM10 and its relationship with the upper air optical properties was conducted. But, the results of the study were limited to a total of 161 aerosol samples collected during 2010-2014 and were characterized for water soluble ions viz. SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, F−, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ and water soluble carbon factions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol effects on the development of cumulus clouds over the Tibetan Plateau
TL;DR: In this article, the aerosol-cloud interaction over the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated using a cloud-resolving weather research and forecasting model with a two-moment bulk microphysical scheme including aerosol effects on cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol-cloud-precipitation relationships from satellite observations and global climate model simulations
TL;DR: In this paper, a straightforward statistical method, the regression analysis technique, was used to examine the aerosol-cloud-precipitation relationships from satellite observational data sets, including the aqua moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol and cloud products and the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) precipitation rate.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more