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Journal ArticleDOI

Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?

TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.
Abstract
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.

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Simulating chemistry–aerosol–cloud–radiation–climate feedbacks over the continental U.S. using the online-coupled Weather Research Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF/Chem)

TL;DR: In this paper, the chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation-climate feedbacks are simulated using WRF/Chem over the continental U.S. in January and July 2001.
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Impact of soil moisture–atmosphere coupling on European climate extremes and trends in a regional climate model

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of soil moisture-atmosphere coupling for the European summer climate over the period 1959-2006 using simulations with a regional climate model.
Journal ArticleDOI

Aerosol-induced intensification of rain from the tropics to the mid-latitudes

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of satellite data suggests that increases in aerosol abundance are associated with local intensification of rain rates over land and ocean, and thus the radiative balance of the planet and the water cycle.
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From aerosol-limited to invigoration of warm convective clouds.

TL;DR: It is proposed that convective-cloud invigoration by aerosols can be viewed as an extension of the concept of aerosol-limited clouds, where cloud development is limited by the availability of cloud-condensation nuclei.
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Influence of meteorology on PM 10 trends and variability in Switzerland from 1991 to 2008

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of all available meteorological variables on PM10 concentrations was estimated using Generalized Additive Models, and the average adjusted yearly trends for rural, urban background and urban street stations were − 0.37, −0.53 and −1.2 μg m−3 yr−1 respectively.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

宁北芳, +1 more
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle

TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India

TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
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