Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Secondary Marine Aerosol Plays a Dominant Role over Primary Sea Spray Aerosol in Cloud Formation.
Kathryn J. Mayer,Xiaofei Wang,Xiaofei Wang,Mitchell V. Santander,Brock A. Mitts,J. S. Sauer,Camille M. Sultana,Christopher D. Cappa,Kimberly A. Prather +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that secondary marine aerosols, consisting of sulfate, ammonium, and organic species, correlate with phytoplankton biomass (i.e., chlorophyll-a concentrations), whereas primary sea spray aerosol does not.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of the carbon content of aerosols from the burning of biomass in the Brazilian Amazon using thermal, optical and thermal-optical analysis methods
L. L. Soto-García,Meinrat O. Andreae,T. W. Andreae,Paulo Artaxo,Willy Maenhaut,Thomas W. Kirchstetter,T. Novakov,Judith C. Chow,Olga L. Mayol-Bracero +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a 13-stage Dekati low-pressure impactor was used to collect particles with nominal aerodynamic diameters (D p ) ranging from 0.03 to 0.10 μm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term in situ measurements of the cloud-precipitation microphysical properties over East Asia
TL;DR: In this article, a database of cloud-precipitation microphysical characteristics is established, using in situ data during 1960-2008, and the main features of aerosol, ice nuclei (IN), cloud droplet, fog, ice crystal, snow crystal, and raindrop are presented based on the analyses of the database.
Journal ArticleDOI
Connecting Regional Aerosol Emissions Reductions to Local and Remote Precipitation Responses
Daniel M. Westervelt,Daniel M. Westervelt,Andrew Conley,Arlene M. Fiore,Arlene M. Fiore,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Drew Shindell,Michael Previdi,N. R. Mascioli,N. R. Mascioli,Greg Faluvegi,Greg Faluvegi,Gustavo P. Correa,Larry W. Horowitz +13 more
TL;DR: This article investigated the precipitation response to regional changes in aerosol emissions using three coupled chemistry-climate models: GFDL-CM3, NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM1), and NASA Goddard Institute for SpaceStudies ModelE2 (GISS-E2), with the strongest responses occurring for sulfur dioxide emissions reductions from Europe and the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Seasonality in anthropogenic aerosol effects on East Asian climate simulated with CAM5
TL;DR: In this paper, the seasonality in anthropogenic aerosol optical depth (AOD) distributions and their effects on clouds and precipitation in East Asia with the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 were investigated.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more