Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Explicit modeling of organic chemistry and secondary organic aerosol partitioning for Mexico City and its outflow plume
Julia Lee-Taylor,Sasha Madronich,Bernard Aumont,A. Baker,A. Baker,Marie Camredon,Alma Hodzic,Geoffrey S. Tyndall,Eric C. Apel,Rahul A. Zaveri +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of organic aerosols (OA) in Mexico City and its outflow is investigated with the nearly ex-plicit gas phase photochemistry model GECKO-A, wherein precursor hydrocarbons are oxidized to numerous intermediate species for which vapor pressures are computed and used to determine gas/particle partitioning in a chemical box model.
Observations from 1 km beneath to 25 km above the sea surface reveal the complex interactions in Indian Ocean westerly wind bursts associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation. AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS FROM WESTERLY WIND BURSTS DURING THE NOVEMBER 2011 MJO IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
TL;DR: The life cycles of three Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) events were observed over the Indian Ocean as part of the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) experiment as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The relationship between teleworking, traffic and air pollution
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the relationship between teleworking, air quality and traffic in Switzerland and concluded that teleworking can be a promising tool for urban planning and development, focusing at the traffic volume reduction, and the air quality improvement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detectable anthropogenic shift toward heavy precipitation over eastern China
Shuangmei Ma,Tianjun Zhou,Dáithí Stone,Debbie Polson,Aiguo Dai,Peter A. Stott,Hans von Storch,Yun Qian,Claire Burke,Peili Wu,Liwei Zou,Andrew Ciavarella +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimal fingerprinting analysis of simulations from 11 climate models driven by different combinations of historical anthropogenic (greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and ozone) and natural (volcanic and solar) forcings indicates that anthropogenic forcing on climate, including increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs), has had a detectable contribution to the observed shift toward heavy precipitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of our understanding of the aerosol–cloud interaction from the perspective of a bin resolved cloud scale modelling
TL;DR: In this article, the main results obtained using a mesoscale cloud model with bin resolved cloud micophysics and aerosol particle scavenging, as developed by their group over the years and applied to the simulation of shallow and deep convective clouds, are summarized to yield a digested presentation which completes the general understanding of cloud-aerosol interaction.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more