Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microphysics of clouds and rain over the Western Ghat
Mahen Konwar,Subrata Kumar Das,Sachin M. Deshpande,Kaustav Chakravarty,Bhupendra Nath Goswami +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, the rain and cloud microphysical parameters are presented from two stations, Pune and Mahabaleshwar, one each on the lee and windward sides, respectively of the Western Ghat (WG) mountains in peninsular India.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy consumption and the unexplained winter warming over northern Asia and North America
Guang J. Zhang,Ming Cai,Aixue Hu +2 more
TL;DR: This article showed that incorporating energy consumption in a global climate model can explain past surface temperature changes of as much as 1'K in mid and high latitudes in winter and autumn over most part of North America and Eurasia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two decades of satellite observations of AOD over mainland China using ATSR-2, AATSR and MODIS/Terra: data set evaluation and large-scale patterns
Gerrit de Leeuw,Larisa Sogacheva,Edith Rodriguez,Konstantinos Kourtidis,Aristeidis K. Georgoulias,Georgia Alexandri,Vassilis Amiridis,Emmanouil Proestakis,Eleni Marinou,Yong Xue,Ronald van der A +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used information from different types of satellite-based instruments to provide a 3-D climatology of aerosol properties over mainland China, including vertical profiles of extinction coefficients from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite and the columnintegrated extinction (aerosol optical depth) from three radiometers.
Book
Physics and Dynamics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the shape and size of clouds and precipitation particles were observed, and they were modeled as a set of molecular structures of water substance and liquid water and ice molecules, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
The possible role of local air pollution in climate change in West Africa
Peter Knippertz,Mat J. Evans,Paul R. Field,Paul R. Field,Andreas H. Fink,Catherine Liousse,John H. Marsham +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that more attention should be paid to rapidly increasing air pollution over the explosively growing cities of West Africa, as experiences from other regions suggest that this can alter regional climate through the influences of aerosols on clouds and radiation, and will also affect human health and food security.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more