Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Correlation between cloud condensation nuclei concentration and aerosol optical thickness in remote and polluted regions
TL;DR: In this article, a large number of published and unpublished measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measurements have been analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafine aerosol particles
Jiwen Fan,Daniel Rosenfeld,Yuwei Zhang,Yuwei Zhang,Scott E. Giangrande,Zhanqing Li,Zhanqing Li,Luiz A. T. Machado,Scot T. Martin,Yan Yang,Jian Wang,Paulo Artaxo,Henrique M. J. Barbosa,Ramon Campos Braga,Jennifer M. Comstock,Zhe Feng,Wenhua Gao,Helber Barros Gomes,Fan Mei,Christopher Pöhlker,Mira L. Pöhlker,Ulrich Pöschl,Ulrich Pöschl,Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza +23 more
TL;DR: Observational evidence and numerical simulations of deep convective clouds over the Amazon show that DCCs forming in a low-aerosol environment can develop very large vapor supersaturation because fast droplet coalescence reduces integrated droplet surface area and subsequent condensation, which suggests a strong anthropogenic invigoration of D CCs in previously pristine regions of the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sources and properties of Amazonian aerosol particles
Scot T. Martin,Meinrat O. Andreae,Paulo Artaxo,Darrel Baumgardner,Qi Chen,Allen H. Goldstein,Alex Guenther,Colette L. Heald,Olga L. Mayol-Bracero,Peter H. McMurry,Theotonio Pauliquevis,Ulrich Pöschl,Kimberly A. Prather,Gregory Roberts,Scott R. Saleska,M. Silva Dias,Dominick V. Spracklen,Erik Swietlicki,Ivonne Trebs +18 more
TL;DR: A review of the current state of knowledge on Amazonian aerosol particles specifically and tropical continental aerosol particle in general can be found in this article, where the authors provide a comprehensive account of what is known presently about Amazonians and conclude by formulating outlook and priorities for further research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy pollution suppresses light rain in China: Observations and modeling
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the long-term variability of atmospheric water vapor and its correlation with light rain events and showed that aerosols corresponding to heavily polluted conditions can significantly increase the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and reduce droplet sizes compared to pristine conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-term modulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by West Asian dust
V. Vinoj,V. Vinoj,Philip J. Rasch,Hailong Wang,Jin-Ho Yoon,Po-Lun Ma,Kiranmayi Landu,Kiranmayi Landu,Balwinder Singh +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of satellite data and global climate model simulations suggests that dust aerosol levels over the Arabian Sea, West Asia and the Arabian Peninsula are positively correlated with the intensity of the Indian summer monsoon.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more