Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from fresh and aged air pollution in the megacity region of Beijing
Sachin S. Gunthe,Diana Rose,Hang Su,Rebecca M. Garland,Peggy Achtert,Andreas Nowak,Alfred Wiedensohler,Mikinori Kuwata,Mikinori Kuwata,Nobuyuki Takegawa,Yutaka Kondo,Min Hu,Min Shao,Tong Zhu,Meinrat O. Andreae,Ulrich Pöschl +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured and characterized CCN properties during the CAREBeijing-2006 campaign at a regional site south of the megacity of Beijing, China, and derived the hygroscopicity parameters derived from the measurements were consistent with chemical composition data recorded by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and thermo-optical measurements of apparent elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC).
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of Cloud-Base Height Using Jenoptik CHM15K and Vaisala CL31 Ceilometers
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed case studies of multilayer cloud-base height (CBH) retrievals from two collocated ceilometers (Vaisala CL31 and Jenoptik CHM15K) and found significant offsets between the two manufacturer-derived CBHs along with a considerable degree of scatter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on Pacific storm track using a multiscale global climate model
Yuan Wang,Minghuai Wang,Renyi Zhang,Steven J. Ghan,Yun Lin,Jiaxi Hu,Bowen Pan,Misti Levy,Jonathan H. Jiang,Mario J. Molina +9 more
TL;DR: The results reveal that the multiscale modeling framework is essential in simulating the aerosol invigoration effect of deep convective cloud systems by a GCM, and suggest that the Multiscale Modeling of aerosol Invigoration of convective clouds on a global scale is essential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol Effects on Simulated Storm Electrification and Precipitation in a Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Model
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are found to strongly affect the microphysical and electrical evolution of a numerically simulated small multicell storm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneous reactions of mineral dust aerosol: implications for tropospheric oxidation capacity
Mingjin Tang,Xin Huang,Keding Lu,Maofa Ge,Yong Jie Li,Peng Cheng,Tong Zhu,Aijun Ding,Yuanhang Zhang,Sasho Gligorovski,Wei Song,Xiang Ding,Xinhui Bi,Xinming Wang +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive and critical review of laboratory studies of heterogeneous uptake of OH, NO3, O3, and their directly related species as well (including HO2, H2O2, HOCHO, HONO, and N2O5) by mineral dust particles.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more