Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanisms and seasonal differences of the impact of aerosols on daytime surface urban heat island effect
Wenchao Han,Wenchao Han,Zhanqing Li,Fang Wu,Fang Wu,Yuwei Zhang,Jianping Guo,Tianning Su,Maureen Cribb,Jiwen Fan,Tianmeng Chen,Jing Wei,Jing Wei,Seoung Soo Lee +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed satellite data and ground-based observations collected from 2001 to 2010 at 35 cities in China and using the WRF-Chem model, they found that the impact of aerosols on the urban heat island intensity (UHII) differs considerably: reducing the UHII in summer but increasing the UHI in winter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil Nitrites Influence Atmospheric Chemistry
Markku Kulmala,Tuukka Petäjä +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that nitrite in soil can produce nitrous acid emissions that are a source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the atmosphere, which helps identify one source of “missing” atmospheric HONO, and highlights how HONSO emissions could rise with increasing temperatures and nitrogen fertilizer use.
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The effect of environmental regulations on air quality: A long-term trend analysis of SO2 and NO2 in the largest urban agglomeration in southwest China
TL;DR: In this paper, the long-term trends in SO2 and NO2 concentrations in the Chengdu Plain urban agglomeration of the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China, were investigated from 2008 to 2018.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of cumulus cloud fields using trajectories in the center of gravity versus water mass phase space: 2. Aerosol effects on warm convective clouds
Reuven H. Heiblum,Orit Altaratz,Ilan Koren,Graham Feingold,Alexander B. Kostinski,Alexander Khain,Mikhail Ovchinnikov,Erick Fredj,Guy Dagan,Lital Pinto,Ricki Yaish,Qian Chen +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a 3D cloud tracking algorithm and phase space of center of gravity altitude versus cloud liquid water mass (CvM space) were introduced and described in detail.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Precipitation with Different Intensity on PM2.5 over Typical Regions of China
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the differences in the removal effect of precipitation on PM2.5 under different precipitation intensities and pollution levels, and found that both precipitation intensity and aerosol amount affected the removal effects.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more