Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of interannual variations in sources of insoluble aerosol species on orographic precipitation over California's central Sierra Nevada
Jessie M. Creamean,Jessie M. Creamean,Jessie M. Creamean,Andrew P. Ault,Andrew P. Ault,Allen B. White,Paul J. Neiman,F. M. Ralph,Patrick Minnis,Kimberly A. Prather +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the variability and associated impacts of different aerosol sources on precipitation were investigated in the California Sierra Nevada using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer for precipitation chemistry, S-band profiling radar for precipitation classification, remote sensing measurements of cloud properties, and surface meteorological measurements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detecting cross‐equatorial wind change as a fingerprint of climate response to anthropogenic aerosol forcing
TL;DR: In this article, the authors detected a robust change in the zonal mean cross-equatorial wind over the past 60 years from ship observations and reanalyses, accompanied by physically consistent changes in atmospheric pressure and marine cloud cover.
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Aerosol indirect effect dictated by liquid clouds
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided their contribution to the aerosol indirect forcing estimate using satellite data collected from several colocated sensors in the A-train for the period 2006-2010.
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The implications of dust ice nuclei effect on cloud top temperature in a complex mesoscale convective system.
TL;DR: The potential dust IN effect on cloud top temperature (CTT) in a well-developed mesoscale convective system (MCS) was studied using both satellite observations and cloud resolving model (CRM) simulations.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more