Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cloud condensation nuclei in pristine tropical rainforest air of Amazonia: size-resolved measurements and modeling of atmospheric aerosol composition and CCN activity
Sachin S. Gunthe,Stephen M. King,Diana Rose,Qi Chen,Pontus Roldin,Delphine K. Farmer,Jose L. Jimenez,Paulo Artaxo,Meinrat O. Andreae,Scot T. Martin,Ulrich Pöschl +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effective hygroscopicity parameters describing the influence of chemical composition on the CCN activ- ity of aerosol particles varied in the range of 0.1-0.4 (0.16±0.06 arithmetic mean and standard deviation).
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloud condensation nuclei in polluted air and biomass burning smoke near the mega-city Guangzhou, China – Part 1: Size-resolved measurements and implications for the modeling of aerosol particle hygroscopicity and CCN activity
Diana Rose,Andreas Nowak,Peggy Achtert,A. Wiedensohler,Min Hu,Min Shao,Y. H. Zhang,Meinrat O. Andreae,Ulrich Pöschl +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured and characterized CCN in polluted air and biomass burning smoke during the PRIDE-PRD2006 campaign from 1-30 July 2006 at a rural site ~60 km northwest of the mega-city Guangzhou in southeastern China.
Journal ArticleDOI
Representation of microphysical processes in cloud-resolving models: Spectral (bin) microphysics versus bulk parameterization
Alexander Khain,K. D. Beheng,Andrew J. Heymsfield,Alexei Korolev,S. O. Krichak,Zev Levin,Zev Levin,Mark Pinsky,Vaughan T. J. Phillips,Thara Prabhakaran,A. Teller,S. C. van den Heever,Jun-Ichi Yano +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed survey of the physical basis and the applications of both bulk microphysics parameterization and spectral (bin) micro-physics (SBM) is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds
Jiwen Fan,Tianle Yuan,Tianle Yuan,Jennifer M. Comstock,Steven J. Ghan,Alexander Khain,L. Ruby Leung,Zhanqing Li,Vanderlei Martins,Vanderlei Martins,Mikhail Ovchinnikov +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically assessed the aerosol effects on isolated DCCs based on cloud-resolving model simulations with spectral bin cloud microphysics and found that the decreasing rate of convective strength is greater in the humid air than that in the dry air when wind shear is strong.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol- and updraft-limited regimes of cloud droplet formation: influence of particle number, size and hygroscopicity on the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
Philipp Reutter,Philipp Reutter,Hang Su,J. Trentmann,M. Simmel,Diana Rose,Sachin S. Gunthe,Heini Wernli,Meinrat O. Andreae,Ulrich Pöschl +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of cloud droplets under pyro-convective conditions using a cloud parcel model with detailed spectral microphysics and with the κ-Kohler model approach for efficient and realistic description of the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aerosol particles.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more