Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Dimming/brightening over the Iberian Peninsula: Trends in sunshine duration and cloud cover and their relations with atmospheric circulation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the spatial and temporal changes in SunDu and total cloud cover over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) and four subregions during 1961-2004 using high-quality, homogenized data sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis of urbanization impact on rainfall modification.
Jie Liu,Dev Niyogi +1 more
TL;DR: This meta-analysis highlights the need for standardizing how the results are presented in future studies to aid the generalization of findings and highlights that rainfall increases not only downwind of the city but also over the city.
Journal ArticleDOI
Decadal changes in radiative fluxes at land and ocean surfaces and their relevance for global warming
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of aerosol emissions on the incident solar radiation (SSR) and found that SSR changes overall match with decadal variations in observed warming rates, suggesting that the SSR variations may effectively modulate greenhouse gas-induced warming.
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ACRIDICON–CHUVA Campaign: Studying Tropical Deep Convective Clouds and Precipitation over Amazonia Using the New German Research Aircraft HALO
Manfred Wendisch,Ulrich Pöschl,Meinrat O. Andreae,Luiz A. T. Machado,Rachel I. Albrecht,Hans Schlager,Daniel Rosenfeld,Scot T. Martin,Ahmed Abdelmonem,Armin Afchine,Alessandro Araújo,Paulo Artaxo,Heinfried Aufmhoff,Henrique M. J. Barbosa,Stephan Borrmann,Ramon Campos Braga,Bernhard Buchholz,Micael A. Cecchini,Anja Costa,Joachim Curtius,Maximilian Dollner,Marcel Dorf,V. Dreiling,Volker Ebert,André Ehrlich,Florian Ewald,Gilberto Fisch,Andreas Fix,Fabian Frank,Daniel Fütterer,Christopher Heckl,Fabian Heidelberg,Tilman Hüneke,Evelyn Jäkel,Emma Järvinen,Tina Jurkat,Sandra Kanter,Udo Kästner,Mareike Kenntner,Jürgen Kesselmeier,Thomas Klimach,Matthias Knecht,Rebecca Kohl,Tobias Kölling,Martina Krämer,M. L. Krüger,Trismono Candra Krisna,Jost V. Lavric,Karla Longo,Christoph Mahnke,Antonio O. Manzi,Bernhard Mayer,Stephan Mertes,Andreas Minikin,Sergej Molleker,Steffen Münch,Björn Nillius,Klaus Pfeilsticker,Christopher Pöhlker,Anke Roiger,Diana Rose,Dagmar Rosenow,Daniel Sauer,Martin Schnaiter,Johannes Schneider,Christiane Schulz,Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza,Antonio Spanu,Paul Stock,Daniel Vila,Christiane Voigt,Adrian Walser,David Walter,Ralf Weigel,Bernadett Weinzierl,Frank Werner,Marcia Akemi Yamasoe,Helmut Ziereis,Tobias Zinner,Martin Zöger +79 more
TL;DR: In this article, a combined airborne and ground-based measurement campaign was conducted to study tropical deep convective clouds over the Brazilian Amazon rain forest between 1 September and 4 October 2014.
Journal ArticleDOI
First long-term study of particle number size distributions and new particle formation events of regional aerosol in the North China Plain
X. J. Shen,J. Sun,Y. M. Zhang,Birgit Wehner,Andreas Nowak,Thomas Tuch,X. C. Zhang,T. T. Wang,H. G. Zhou,Xiaoling Zhang,F. Dong,Wolfram Birmili,A. Wiedensohler +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean particle number concentrations of the total particle, as well as the nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode were determined to be 1.2 ± 0.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more