Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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An annual cycle of size‐resolved aerosol hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado
Ezra J. T. Levin,Anthony J. Prenni,Markus D. Petters,Sonia M. Kreidenweis,Ryan C. Sullivan,Samuel A. Atwood,John Ortega,Paul J. DeMott,James N. Smith,James N. Smith,James N. Smith +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, size-resolved (14-350 nm) cloud condensation nuclei measurements from the Manitou Experimental Forest in Colorado were conducted for 1 year as part of the Bio-hydro-atmosphere Interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics, and Nitrogen program and determined the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, k, at five water supersaturations between 0.14% and 0.97%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cation Effects on Interfacial Water Organization of Aqueous Chloride Solutions. I. Monovalent Cations: Li+, Na+, K+, and NH4+
TL;DR: The influence of monovalent cations on the interfacial water organization of alkali (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) salt solutions was investigated using surface-sensitive conventional vibrational sum frequency generation and heterodyne-detectedVSFG spectroscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial and seasonal variability of raindrop size distributions in southeast India
B. Radhakrishna,T. Narayana Rao,D. Narayana Rao,N. Prabhakara Rao,Kohki Nakamura,Ashok Kumar Sharma +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Joss-Waldvogel disdrometers at two sites (Gadanki, an inland station, and Cuddalore, a coastal station) in southeast India to study the seasonal and spatial variations of DSD.
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Fast climate responses to aerosol emission reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided an insight into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global and regional climate and implications for immediate actions to mitigate fast global warming, and the longer the emission reductions undergo, the warmer the climate would become.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
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Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more