Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined all direct and indirect natural climate cooling mechanisms driven by ISA tropospheric aerosol particles, showing their cooperation and interaction within the different environmental compartments.
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The scientific basis for a satellite mission to retrieve CCN concentrations and their impacts on convective clouds
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the clouds themselves as natural condensation nuclei chambers by retrieving simultaneously the number of activated aerosols at cloud base, Na, and the cloud base updraft speed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Study of aerosol optical properties during long-range transport of biomass burning from Canada to Central Europe in July 2013
Krzysztof M. Markowicz,Michał T. Chiliński,Justyna Lisok,Olga Zawadzka,Iwona S. Stachlewska,Lucja Janicka,Anna Rozwadowska,Przemysław Makuch,Paulina Pakszys,Tymon Zielinski,Tomasz Petelski,Michał Posyniak,Aleksander Pietruczuk,Artur Szkop,Douglas L. Westphal +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used in-situ measurements, passive and active remote sensing observations, as well as numerical simulations to describe the temporal variability of aerosol single-scattering properties such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA), and aerosol direct shortwave forcing at the Earth's surface during the transport of biomass burning (BB) aerosols from Canada to Europe between 2nd and 7th of July 2013.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wet scavenging limits the detection of aerosol effects on precipitation
TL;DR: In this paper, the difference in the aerosol optical depth (AOD)-precipitation relationship between general circulation models (GCMs) and satellite observations can be explained by the wet scavenging of aerosol.
Journal ArticleDOI
Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition.
Julia Schmale,Silvia Henning,Bas Henzing,Helmi Keskinen,Karine Sellegri,Jurgita Ovadnevaite,Aikaterini Bougiatioti,Nikos Kalivitis,Iasonas Stavroulas,Anne Jefferson,Minsu Park,Patrick Schlag,Adam Kristensson,Yoko Iwamoto,Kirsty J. Pringle,Carly Reddington,P. P. Aalto,Mikko Äijälä,Urs Baltensperger,Jakub Bialek,Wolfram Birmili,Wolfram Birmili,Nicolas Bukowiecki,Mikael Ehn,Ann Mari Fjæraa,Markus Fiebig,Göran Frank,Roman Fröhlich,Arnoud Frumau,Masaki Furuya,Emanuel Hammer,Liine Heikkinen,Erik Herrmann,Rupert Holzinger,Hiroyuki Hyono,Maria Kanakidou,Astrid Kiendler-Scharr,Kento Kinouchi,Gerard Kos,Markku Kulmala,Nikolaos Mihalopoulos,Ghislain Motos,Athanasios Nenes,Colin D. O'Dowd,Mikhail Paramonov,Tuukka Petäjä,David Picard,Laurent Poulain,André S. H. Prévôt,Jay G. Slowik,A. Sonntag,Erik Swietlicki,Birgitta Svenningsson,Hiroshi Tsurumaru,Alfred Wiedensohler,Cerina Wittbom,J. A. Ogren,Atsushi Matsuki,Seong Soo Yum,Cathrine Lund Myhre,Kenneth S. Carslaw,Frank Stratmann,Martin Gysel +62 more
TL;DR: Harmonized data records from 11 observatories spanning 98,677 instrument hours for CCN data, 157,880 for particle number size distributions, and 70,817 for chemical composition data are summarized.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
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Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more