Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Global association of aerosol with flash density of intense lightning
TL;DR: In this article, a global scale study of the association between aerosol loading and lightning production was conducted, using a full year's data for 2012 (as well as seasonal data) of the cloud-to-ground lightning record from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by MODIS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particle number size distributions across Spain
E. Alonso-Blanco,Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno,Begoña Artíñano,S. Iglesias-Samitier,V. Juncal-Bello,M. Piñeiro-Iglesias,Purificación López-Mahía,Noemí Pérez,M. Brines,Andrés Alastuey,Milady García,Sergio Rodríguez,Mar Sorribas,A. del Águila,Gloria Titos,Gloria Titos,Hassan Lyamani,Lucas Alados-Arboledas +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the results from simultaneous aerosol measurements performed at seven diverse locations distributed all over the Spanish geography were synthesized for the first time, which can be explained by the local and regional characteristics of each site, such as meteorology and aerosol sources (types, proximity, etc.).
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol Properties and Their Impacts on Surface CCN at the ARM Southern Great Plains Site during the 2011 Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of continental cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration on aerosol type and transport pathways was analyzed using meteorological observations from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) platform situated in the Southern Great Plains (SGP).
Journal ArticleDOI
CI-Orbitrap: An Analytical Instrument To Study Atmospheric Reactive Organic Species.
Matthieu Riva,Mikael Ehn,Dandan Li,Sophie Tomaz,Frederic Bourgain,Sébastien Perrier,Christian George +6 more
TL;DR: The CI-Orbitrap exhibited high sensitivity to both HOM and radical species, while easily separating ions of different elemental composition in cases where the more common time-of-flight mass spectrometry applications would not have been able to distinguish all ions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Black Carbon and West African Monsoon precipitation: observations and simulations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated large-scale co-variability between aerosol and precipitation and other meteorological variables in the West African Monsoon (WAM) region using long term satellite observations and reanalysis data.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more