Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Determination of the refractive index of insoluble organic extracts from atmospheric aerosol over the visible wavelength range using optical tweezers
Rosalie Helen Shepherd,Rosalie Helen Shepherd,Martin D. King,Amelia A. Marks,Neil Brough,Andrew D. Ward +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, optical trapping combined with Mie spectroscopy is used to record the refractive index of insoluble organic material extracted from atmospheric aerosol samples over a wide wavelength range.
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Direct measurements of the effect of biomass burning over the Amazon on the atmospheric temperature profile
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured changes in the atmospheric temperature profile as a function of the smoke loading and the cloudiness, over the Amazon basin, during the dry seasons (August and September) of 2005-2008.
Assessment of the Aerosol Distribution Over Indian Subcontinent in CMIP5 Models
S. D. Sanap,Govindan Pandithurai +1 more
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Urban extent enhances extreme precipitation over the Pearl River Delta, China
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between urban extent and extreme precipitation over the Pearl River Delta in China was evaluated using the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission 3B42 precipitation product, and the spatial pattern of extreme precipitation indices agreed well with that of the urban extent, with significant and positive spatial correlation between the two.
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Recent Decadal Changes in Heat Waves over China: Drivers and Mechanisms
Qin Su,Buwen Dong +1 more
TL;DR: For example, this article observed significant decadal changes in daytime, nighttime, and compound (both daytime and nighttime) heat waves (HWs) over China across the mid-1990s, featuring a r...
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
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Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more