Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate
Shan-Hu Lee,Shan-Hu Lee,Hamish Gordon,Huan Yu,Katrianne Lehtipalo,Katrianne Lehtipalo,Ryan Haley,Yixin Li,Renyi Zhang +8 more
TL;DR: A review of the development of cloud condensation nuclei can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a brief history, synthesize recent significant progresses, and outlines the challenges and future directions for research relevant to new particle formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The COVID-19 lockdowns: a window into the Earth System
Noah S. Diffenbaugh,Christopher B. Field,Eric A. Appel,Inês Azevedo,Dennis D. Baldocchi,Marshall Burke,Jennifer Burney,Philippe Ciais,Steven J. Davis,Arlene M. Fiore,Arlene M. Fiore,Sarah Fletcher,Thomas W. Hertel,Daniel E. Horton,Solomon Hsiang,Robert B. Jackson,Xiaomeng Jin,Margaret Levi,Margaret Levi,David B. Lobell,Galen A. McKinley,Galen A. McKinley,Frances C. Moore,Anastasia Montgomery,Kari C. Nadeau,Diane E. Pataki,James T. Randerson,Markus Reichstein,Jordan L. Schnell,Jordan L. Schnell,Sonia I. Seneviratne,Deepti Singh,Allison L. Steiner,Gabrielle Wong-Parodi +33 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors hypothesize the immediate and long-term Earth System responses to COVID-19 along two multidisciplinary cascades: energy, emissions, climate and air quality; and poverty, globalization, food and biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-resolution desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for chemical characterization of organic aerosols.
Julia Laskin,Alexander Laskin,Patrick J. Roach,Gordon W. Slysz,Gordon A. Anderson,Sergey A. Nizkorodov,David L. Bones,Lucas Q. Nguyen +7 more
TL;DR: This study presents the first application of desorption electrospray ionization combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) for detailed chemical characterization and studies of chemical aging of organic aerosol (OA) samples collected on Teflon substrates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Similar spatial patterns of climate responses to aerosol and greenhouse gas changes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the climate responses induced by greenhouse gases and aerosols share key ocean-atmosphere feedbacks, leading to a qualitative resemblance in spatial distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biogeography in the air: fungal diversity over land and oceans
Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky,Susannah M. Burrows,Zhiyong Xie,Zhiyong Xie,Guenter Engling,Guenter Engling,Paul A. Solomon,Matthew P. Fraser,Olga L. Mayol-Bracero,Paulo Artaxo,Dominik Begerow,Ralf Conrad,Meinrat O. Andreae,Viviane R. Després,Ulrich Pöschl +14 more
TL;DR: It is found that the ratio of species richness between Basidiomycota and Ascomycota is much higher in continental air than in marine air, which may be an important difference between the "blue ocean" and "green ocean" regimes in the formation of clouds and precipitation.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more