Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
More filters
疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Book ChapterDOI
Clouds and Aerosols
Olivier Boucher,David A. Randall,Paulo Artaxo,Christopher S. Bretherton,Graham Feingold,Piers M. Forster,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Yutaka Kondo,Hong Liao,Ulrike Lohmann,Philip J. Rasch,Sathianeson Satheesh,Steven C. Sherwood,Bjorn Stevens,Xiaoye Zhang +14 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation
Jasper Kirkby,Joachim Curtius,Joao Almeida,Joao Almeida,Eimear M. Dunne,Jonathan Duplissy,Jonathan Duplissy,Jonathan Duplissy,Sebastian Ehrhart,Alessandro Franchin,Stephanie Gagne,Stephanie Gagne,Luisa Ickes,Andreas Kürten,Agnieszka Kupc,A. Metzger,Francesco Riccobono,Linda Rondo,Siegfried Schobesberger,Georgios Tsagkogeorgas,Daniela Wimmer,António Amorim,F. Bianchi,F. Bianchi,Martin Breitenlechner,A. David,Josef Dommen,Andrew J. Downard,Mikael Ehn,Richard C. Flagan,S. Haider,Armin Hansel,Daniel Hauser,Werner Jud,Heikki Junninen,Fabian Kreissl,Alexander N. Kvashin,Ari Laaksonen,Katrianne Lehtipalo,Jorge Lima,Edward R. Lovejoy,Vladimir Makhmutov,Serge Mathot,Jyri Mikkilä,Pierre Minginette,S. Mogo,Tuomo Nieminen,Antti Onnela,Paulo J. Pereira,Tuukka Petäjä,R. Schnitzhofer,John H. Seinfeld,Mikko Sipilä,Mikko Sipilä,Yuri Stozhkov,Frank Stratmann,António Tomé,Joonas Vanhanen,Yrjö Viisanen,Aron Vrtala,Paul E. Wagner,Hansueli Walther,Ernest Weingartner,Heike Wex,Paul M. Winkler,Kenneth S. Carslaw,Douglas R. Worsnop,Urs Baltensperger,Markku Kulmala +68 more
TL;DR: First results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN are presented, finding that atmospherically relevant ammonia mixing ratios of 100 parts per trillion by volume, or less, increase the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles more than 100–1,000-fold and ion-induced binary nucleation of H2SO4–H2O can occur in the mid-troposphere but is negligible in the boundary layer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system
Bjorn Stevens,Graham Feingold +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the difficulty in untangling relationships among the aerosol, clouds and precipitation reflects the inadequacy of existing tools and methodologies and a failure to account for processes that buffer cloud and precipitation responses to aerosol perturbations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets
TL;DR: Aerosol species which have been identified in the past as potentially important ice nuclei are introduced and their ice-nucleating ability when immersed in a supercooled droplet is addressed and the importance of ice nucleation by different aerosol types is estimated.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon
Meinrat O. Andreae,Daniel Rosenfeld,Paulo Artaxo,Alexandre Araújo Costa,Göran Frank,Karla Longo,M. A. F. Silva-Dias +6 more
TL;DR: Heavy smoke from forest fires in the Amazon was observed to reduce cloud droplet size and so delay the onset of precipitation, which affects the water cycle, the pollution burden of the atmosphere, and the dynamics of atmospheric circulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric brown clouds: impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle.
Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Chul Eddy Chung,D. Kim,Thomas W. Bettge,Lawrence Buja,Jeffrey T. Kiehl,Warren M. Washington,Qiang Fu,D. Sikka,Martin Wild +9 more
TL;DR: An ensemble of coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations from 1930 to 2000 suggest that absorbing aerosols in atmospheric brown clouds may have played a major role in the observed regional climate and hydrological cycle changes and have masked as much as 50% of the surface warming due to the global increase in greenhouse gases.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Dimming to Brightening: Decadal Changes in Solar Radiation at Earth's Surface
Martin Wild,Hans Gilgen,Andreas Roesch,Atsumu Ohmura,Charles N. Long,Ellsworth G. Dutton,Bruce W. Forgan,Ain Kallis,Viivi Russak,Anatoly V. Tsvetkov +9 more
TL;DR: Newly available surface observations from 1990 to the present, primarily from the Northern Hemisphere, show that the dimming at land surfaces did not persist into the 1990s, and instead, a widespread brightening has been observed since the late 1980s.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution
TL;DR: Direct evidence demonstrates that urban and industrial air pollution can completely shut off precipitation from clouds that have temperatures at their tops of about -10 degrees C over large areas.
Suppression of Rain and Snow by Urban and Industrial Air
TL;DR: This paper showed that urban and industrial air pollution can completely shut off precipitation from clouds that have temperatures at their tops of about -10 degrees C over large areas, showing that both cloud droplet coalescence and ice precipitation formation are inhibited in polluted clouds.