Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Retrieval of 500 m Aerosol Optical Depths from MODIS Measurements over Urban Surfaces under Heavy Aerosol Loading Conditions in Winter
TL;DR: An improved AOD retrieval method for 500 m MODIS data is proposed, based on an extended surface reflectance estimation scheme and dynamic aerosol models derived from ground-based sun-photometric observations, which effectively complements the scarcity of AOD in correspondence with urban surface of a higher spatial resolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
A comparative study of cloud condensation nuclei measured between non-heating and heating periods at a suburb site of Qingdao in the North China
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei and CCN activity measured at a suburb site of Qingdao in the North China during a non-heating period from 19 May to 3 June 2013 and a heating period from 6 November to 6 December 2013.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial distributions and seasonal cycles of aerosol climate effects in India seen in a global climate–aerosol model
S. V. Henriksson,S. V. Henriksson,Joni-Pekka Pietikäinen,Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen,Petri Räisänen,Kaarle Kupiainen,Kaarle Kupiainen,J. Tonttila,J. Tonttila,Rakesh K. Hooda,Heikki Lihavainen,Declan O'Donnell,Leif Backman,Zbigniew Klimont,Ari Laaksonen,Ari Laaksonen +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the global climate-aerosol model ECHAM5-HAM and the GAINS inventory for anthropogenic aerosol emissions were used to study climate and rainfall in India.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hygroscopic properties of atmospheric particles emitted during wintertime biomass burning episodes in Athens
Magda Psichoudaki,Athanasios Nenes,Kalliopi Florou,Christos Kaltsonoudis,Spyros N. Pandis,Spyros N. Pandis +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) activity of atmospheric particles during intense biomass burning periods in an urban environment and found that during the day, the organic fraction of the particles was more than 50%, reaching almost 80% at night, when the fireplaces were used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol Impacts on the Structure, Intensity, and Precipitation of the Landfalling Typhoon Saomai (2006)
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosol from mainland China on the intensity, structure and precipitation of Typhoon Saomai (2006) was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with explicit spectral (bin) microphysics (SBM) to investigate the effect of aerosols on the storm intensity and structure.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more