Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of natural aerosols on atmospheric radiation and consequent feedbacks with the meteorological and photochemical state of the atmosphere
Jonilda Kushta,Jonilda Kushta,George Kallos,Marina Astitha,Marina Astitha,Stavros Solomos,Christos Spyrou,Christina Mitsakou,Christina Mitsakou,Jos Lelieveld +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the aerosol effects on radiation and the feedback on meteorology and photochemical activity, applying the online model RAMS/ICLAMS, were analyzed using simulations with and without aerosol impacts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Erroneous Attribution of Deep Convective Invigoration to Aerosol Concentration
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors matched time-height cloud objects at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site with surface condensation nuclei (CN) concentrators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of city size on precipitation‐modifying potential
Paul Schmid,Dev Niyogi +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated how increasing city size affects local weather modification potential using an innovative new method: the real atmosphere, idealized land-surface (RAIL) method, which simplifies the land surface by making a flat, homogeneous land surface for a control simulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The response of precipitation to aerosol through riming and melting in deep convective clouds
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a 2D axisymmetric, non-hydrostatic, bin-resolved cloud model to examine the impact of aerosol changes on the development of mixed-phase convective clouds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloud condensation nucleation activities of calcium carbonate and its atmospheric ageing products
Mingjin Tang,J. D. Whitehead,N M Davidson,Francis D. Pope,M. R. Alfarra,Gordon McFiggans,Markus Kalberer +6 more
TL;DR: It appears that the variation in exposure to N2O5 from ∼550 to 15,000 ppbv s does not change the CCN activities of aged CaCO3 particles, and this observation indicates that the Ca CO3 surface may be already saturated at the shortest exposure.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more