Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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Succinic acid in aqueous solution: connecting microscopic surface composition and macroscopic surface tension.
Josephina Werner,Josephina Werner,Jan Julin,Maryam Dalirian,Nønne L. Prisle,Gunnar Öhrwall,Ingmar Persson,Olle Björneholm,Ilona Riipinen,Ilona Riipinen +9 more
TL;DR: The results of this study shed light on the microscopic origin of surface tension, a macroscopic property, and the impact of the results from this study on atmospheric modeling is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region
Ayumi Iwata,Atsushi Matsuki +1 more
TL;DR: In order to better characterize ice nucleating (IN) aerosol particles in the atmosphere, this paper investigated the chemical composition, mixing state, and morphology of atmospheric aerosols that nucleate ice under conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds.
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Impact of aerosols on tropical cyclones: An investigation using convection‐permitting model simulation
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of aerosols' effect on two tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal is investigated using a convection-permitting model with a two-moment mixed-phase bulk cloud microphysics scheme.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification and quantification of particle growth channels during new particle formation
M. R. Pennington,Bryan R. Bzdek,Joseph W. DePalma,James N. Smith,James N. Smith,A. Kortelainen,L. Hildebrandt Ruiz,L. Hildebrandt Ruiz,Tuukka Petäjä,Markku Kulmala,D. R. Worsnop,M. V. Johnston,M. V. Johnston +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, chemical composition measurements of 20 nm diameter particles during new particle formation in Hyytiala, Finland, in March-April 2011 permit identification and quantitative assessment of important growth channels.
One year of Raman lidar observations of free tropospheric aerosol layers over
E. Giannakaki,A. Pfüller,Kimmo Korhonen,Tero Mielonen,Lauri Laakso,Ville Vakkari,Holger Baars,Ronny Engelmann,P. G. van Zyl,Micky Josipovic,Petri Tiitta,Kgaugelo Chiloane,Stuart Piketh,H. Lihavainen,Kari E. J. Lehtinen,Mika Komppula +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the seasonal behavior of aerosol layer geometrical characteristics, as well as intensive and extensive optical properties were studied using Raman lidar data obtained over a 1 year period, in relation to aerosol layers in the free troposphere over the Highveld in South Africa.
References
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TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more