Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
Citations
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Book ChapterDOI
Clouds and Aerosols
Olivier Boucher,David A. Randall,Paulo Artaxo,Christopher S. Bretherton,Graham Feingold,Piers M. Forster,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Yutaka Kondo,Hong Liao,Ulrike Lohmann,Philip J. Rasch,Sathianeson Satheesh,Steven C. Sherwood,Bjorn Stevens,Xiaoye Zhang +14 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation
Jasper Kirkby,Joachim Curtius,Joao Almeida,Joao Almeida,Eimear M. Dunne,Jonathan Duplissy,Jonathan Duplissy,Jonathan Duplissy,Sebastian Ehrhart,Alessandro Franchin,Stephanie Gagne,Stephanie Gagne,Luisa Ickes,Andreas Kürten,Agnieszka Kupc,A. Metzger,Francesco Riccobono,Linda Rondo,Siegfried Schobesberger,Georgios Tsagkogeorgas,Daniela Wimmer,António Amorim,F. Bianchi,F. Bianchi,Martin Breitenlechner,A. David,Josef Dommen,Andrew J. Downard,Mikael Ehn,Richard C. Flagan,S. Haider,Armin Hansel,Daniel Hauser,Werner Jud,Heikki Junninen,Fabian Kreissl,Alexander N. Kvashin,Ari Laaksonen,Katrianne Lehtipalo,Jorge Lima,Edward R. Lovejoy,Vladimir Makhmutov,Serge Mathot,Jyri Mikkilä,Pierre Minginette,S. Mogo,Tuomo Nieminen,Antti Onnela,Paulo J. Pereira,Tuukka Petäjä,R. Schnitzhofer,John H. Seinfeld,Mikko Sipilä,Mikko Sipilä,Yuri Stozhkov,Frank Stratmann,António Tomé,Joonas Vanhanen,Yrjö Viisanen,Aron Vrtala,Paul E. Wagner,Hansueli Walther,Ernest Weingartner,Heike Wex,Paul M. Winkler,Kenneth S. Carslaw,Douglas R. Worsnop,Urs Baltensperger,Markku Kulmala +68 more
TL;DR: First results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN are presented, finding that atmospherically relevant ammonia mixing ratios of 100 parts per trillion by volume, or less, increase the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles more than 100–1,000-fold and ion-induced binary nucleation of H2SO4–H2O can occur in the mid-troposphere but is negligible in the boundary layer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system
Bjorn Stevens,Graham Feingold +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the difficulty in untangling relationships among the aerosol, clouds and precipitation reflects the inadequacy of existing tools and methodologies and a failure to account for processes that buffer cloud and precipitation responses to aerosol perturbations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets
TL;DR: Aerosol species which have been identified in the past as potentially important ice nuclei are introduced and their ice-nucleating ability when immersed in a supercooled droplet is addressed and the importance of ice nucleation by different aerosol types is estimated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Size Matters More Than Chemistry for Cloud-Nucleating Ability of Aerosol Particles
Ulrike Dusek,Göran Frank,Lea Hildebrandt,Lea Hildebrandt,Joachim Curtius,Johannes Schneider,S. Walter,Duli Chand,Frank Drewnick,Silke S. Hings,D Jung,Stephan Borrmann,Meinrat O. Andreae +12 more
TL;DR: Size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei spectra measured for various aerosol types at a non-urban site in Germany showed that CCN concentrations are mainly determined by the aerosol number size distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall
TL;DR: In this article, satellite observations of the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) showed that warm rain processes in convective tropical clouds infected by heavy smoke from forest fires are practically shut off.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review
Ellen R. Graber,Yinon Rudich +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a class of organic molecules extracted from atmospheric aerosol particles and isolated from fog and cloud water has been termed HUmic-LIke Substances (HULIS) due to a certain resemblance to terrestrial and aquatic humic and fulvic acids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of the effect of Amazon smoke on inhibition of cloud formation.
TL;DR: Satellite data over the Amazon region during the biomass burning season showed that scattered cumulus cloud cover was reduced from 38% in clean conditions to 0% for heavy smoke, which reverses the regional smoke instantaneous forcing of climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds
TL;DR: In this article, a spectral micro-physics two-dimensional cloud model was used to investigate the effect of aerosols on cloud microphysics, dynamics and precipitation, and the results showed that aerosols can contribute to the formation of very intensive convective clouds and thunderstorms accompanied by very high precipitation rates.