Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TLDR
A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.Abstract:
Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.read more
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Inconsistent urbanization effects on summer precipitation over the typical climate regions in central and eastern China
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used a 30-year data (1983-2012) from 428 stations to study the summer precipitation differences between urban and rural areas in 5 Chinese climate regions: the Pearl River Delta (PRD), the Middle and Upper reaches of the Yangtze River (MUYR), the YRD, the North China Plain (NCP), and Northeast China (NEC).
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Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions: A challenging problem in regional environment and climate research
Pcs Devara,M. G. Manoj +1 more
TL;DR: Aerosols affect clouds in two broad ways: (i) presence of more number of aerosols leads to formation of more smaller droplets, and reduces coalescence, resulting in brighter clouds that reflect more solar energy back to space, hence they contribute to cooling of the Earth's surface and (ii) numerous smaller cloud droplets tend to reduce precipitation and change the extent of cloud cover and increase cloud lifetime and albedo as discussed by the authors.
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Cloud condensation nuclei characteristics during the Indian summer monsoon over a rain-shadow region
Venugopalan Nair Jayachandran,Mercy Varghese,Palani Murugavel,Kiran Todekar,Shivdas P. Bankar,Neelam Malap,Gurnule Dinesh,Pramod D. Safai,Jaya Rao,Mahen Konwar,Shivsai Ajit Dixit,Thara V. Prabha +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed a continuous aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements carried out at an observational facility situated in the rain-shadow region of the Indian subcontinent during the Indian summer monsoon season (June to September) of 2018.
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Parameterization of In-Cloud Aerosol Scavenging Due to Atmospheric Ionization: Part 3. Effects of Varying Droplet Radius
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The effect of subtropical aerosol loading on equatorial precipitation.
Guy Dagan,Rei Chemke +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, another possible cloud-aerosol effect on climate is proposed, where a series of Large Eddy Simulations (LES) with bin microphysics reveal a sensitivity of the total atmospheric water vapor amount to aerosol concentration.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Global indirect aerosol effects: a review
Ulrike Lohmann,Johann Feichter +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of aerosols on the climate system are discussed and different approaches how the climatic implications of these effects can be estimated globally as well as improvements that are needed in global climate models in order to better represent indirect aerosol effects are discussed.
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Climate Effects of Black Carbon Aerosols in China and India
TL;DR: A global climate model used to investigate possible aerosol contributions to trends in China and India found precipitation and temperature changes in the model that were comparable to those observed if the aerosols included a large proportion of absorbing black carbon (“soot”), similar to observed amounts.
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Inaugural Article by a Recently Elected Academy Member
Jian Xu,Jeffrey I. Gordon +1 more