Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms.
TLDR
This review revisits studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outlines possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.Abstract:
Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.read more
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Specific detection and deletion of the Sigma-1 receptor in neurons and glial cells for functional characterization in vivo
TL;DR: A highly specific antibody is identified using S1R knockout mice and an immunohistochemical protocol involving a 1% SDS antigen retrieval step is established, which provides powerful tools to cell-specifically detect, delete and functionally characterize S 1R in vivo.
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A Genetic Compensation Phenomenon and Global Gene Expression Changes in Sex-miR-2766-3p Knockout Strain of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reported that miRNA knockout in S. exigua was non-lethal, confirming the theory that one miRNA function redundantly with other miRNAs or other pathways.
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Pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid receptor 2 signaling does not affect LPS/IFN-γ-induced microglial activation
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Simultaneous Knockouts of the Oxytocin and Vasopressin 1b Receptors in Hippocampal CA2 Impair Social Memory
Adi Cymerblit-Sabba,Caroline Elizabeth Walsh,Kai-Zheng Duan,June Song,Oliver Holmes,W. Scott Young +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of a life-long conditional removal (knockout, KO) of either the oxytocin (Oxtr) and vasopressin 1b (Avpr1b) from the pyramidal neurons of CA2 as well as the resultant changes in synaptic transmission within the different fields of the hippocampus were investigated.
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Cardiac muscle-restricted partial loss of Nos1ap expression has limited impact on electro- and echo-cardiographic features
Alexa Smith,Dallas R. Auer,Morgan Johnson,Ernesto Sanchez,Holly Ross,Christopher S. Ward,Aravinda Chakravarti,Ashish Kapoor +7 more
TL;DR: The role of NOS1AP in regulation of the cardiac electrical cycle is supported by a cis-regulatory mechanistic hypothesis and a functional enhancer variant underlying the GWAS signal that influenced human cardiac Nos1AP expression is reported.
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