Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms.
TLDR
This review revisits studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outlines possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.Abstract:
Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.read more
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Left-right asymmetric heart jogging increases the robustness of dextral heart looping in zebrafish.
Daniel T. Grimes,Victoria L. Patterson,Gabriel Luna-Arvizu,Jodi Schottenfeld-Roames,Zoe H. Irons,Rebecca D. Burdine +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the role of leftward jogging is to spatially position the heart tube in a manner that promotes robust dextral looping and establishes a cooperation between embryo-scale Spaw-dependent L-R asymmetries and organ-intrinsic cellular chirality in the control of asymmetric heart morphogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
BACH family members regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by modulating VEGFC expression.
Batya Cohen,Hanoch Tempelhof,Tal Raz,Roni Oren,Julian Nicenboim,Filip Bochner,Ron Even,Adam Jelinski,Raya Eilam,Shifra Ben-Dor,Yoseph Addadi,Ofra Golani,Shlomi Lazar,Karina Yaniv,Michal Neeman +14 more
TL;DR: Members of the highly conserved BACH (BTB and CNC homology) family of transcription factors regulate VEGFC expression, through direct binding to its promoter, providing a novel role for the BACH/VEGFC signaling axis in lymphatic formation during embryogenesis and cancer.
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron development in vertebrates
Cunming Duan,John B. Allard +1 more
TL;DR: This article surveys various cell autonomous and non-autonomous factors implicated in the regulation of GnRH neuron development and discusses emerging tools and new approaches to resolve open questions pertaining to Gn RH neuron development.
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The role of extracellular matrix stiffness in regulating cytoskeletal remodeling via vinculin in synthetic smooth muscle cells
TL;DR: This work utilized matrices with elastic moduli that simulate vascular stiffness in different stages of hypertension to investigate how matrix stiffness regulates cell cytoskeleton via vinculin in synthetic VSM cells and found that VSM cell growth may be impeded by substrates that are either too soft or too rigid.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arabidopsis V-ATPase is localized to the TGN/EE via a seed plant-specific motif.
Upendo Lupanga,Rachel Röhrich,Jana Christin Askani,Stefan Hilmer,Christiane Kiefer,Melanie Krebs,Takehiko Kanazawa,Takehiko Kanazawa,Takashi Ueda,Takashi Ueda,Karin Schumacher +10 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that the VHA-a1 targeting domain serves as both an ER-exit and as a TGN/EE-retention motif and is conserved among seed plants and provides a striking example that differential localization does not preclude functional redundancy.
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