Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms.
TLDR
This review revisits studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outlines possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.Abstract:
Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.read more
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BEN-solo factors partition active chromatin to ensure proper gene activation in Drosophila.
Malin Ueberschär,Huazhen Wang,Chun Zhang,Chun Zhang,Shu Kondo,Tsutomu Aoki,Paul Schedl,Eric C. Lai,Jiayu Wen,Qi Dai +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that ELBA and Insv function as general insulators and partition active chromatin to ensure proper gene activation in Drosophila embryos, finding that adjacent gene pairs separated by an ELBA bound sequence become less differentially expressed in ELBA mutants.
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Dynamic evolution of small signalling peptide compensation in plant stem cell control
Choon Tak Kwon,Lingli Tang,Xingang Wang,Iacopo Gentile,Anat Hendelman,Gina Robitaille,Joyce Van Eck,Cao Xu,Zachary B. Lippman +8 more
TL;DR: Genomics and genome editing across the Solanaceae family are leveraged to capture the evolution of compensating paralogs and suggest that dynamic paralog evolution is widespread over short time scales and impacts phenotypic variation from natural and engineered mutations.
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Genotype to Phenotype: CRISPR Gene Editing Reveals Genetic Compensation as a Mechanism for Phenotypic Disjunction of Morphants and Mutants.
TL;DR: A recent review as discussed by the authors describes recent studies in which genomic compensation appears to be at play, discusses the possible compensation mechanisms, and considers elements important for robust gene loss-of-function studies.
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GABAAR α2-activated neuroimmune signal controls binge drinking and impulsivity through regulation of the CCL2/CX3CL1 balance
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the TLR4 signal is innately activated in neurons from alcohol-preferring subjects, identifying a genetic contribution to the regulation of impulsivity and the alcohol-seeking propensity.
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Pre-clinical Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Lysosomal Storage Diseases.
TL;DR: The goal of this review is to summarize the neurodegenerative murine LSD models available that recapitulate human disease, and the pre-clinical studies previously conducted, and describe some limitations and difficulties in working with mouse models of neurodegnerative LSDs.
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