Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms.
TLDR
This review revisits studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outlines possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.Abstract:
Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
BMP9 and BMP10: two close vascular quiescence partners that stand out.
TL;DR: An overview of what is known about BMP9 and BMP10 on vascular regulation with a particular emphasis on recent results and the many questions that remain unanswered regarding the roles and specificities between BMPs as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Applying antibodies inside cells: Principles and recent advances in neurobiology, virology and oncology
Congcong Zhang,Congcong Zhang,Rina M. Ötjengerdes,Julian Roewe,Rebeca Mejias,Andrea L. J. Marschall +5 more
TL;DR: Why direct targeting of proteins allows unique insights, what is currently feasible in vitro, and how this relates to potential therapeutic applications are addressed are addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compensatory growth renders Tcf7l1a dispensable for eye formation despite its requirement in eye field specification.
Rodrigo M. Young,Thomas A. Hawkins,Florencia Cavodeassi,Heather L. Stickney,Quenten Schwarz,Lisa M. Lawrence,Claudia Wierzbicki,Bowie Yl Cheng,Jingyuan Luo,Elizabeth Mayela Ambrosio,Allison E. Klosner,Ian M Sealy,Jasmine Rowell,Chintan A. Trivedi,Isaac H. Bianco,Miguel L. Allende,Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich,Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich,Gaia Gestri,Stephen W. Wilson +19 more
TL;DR: This study shows that Tcf7l1a is one such transcription factor that acts cell-autonomously to specify the eye field in zebrafish, and identifies mutations in hesx1, cct5 and gdf6a, which give synthetically enhanced eye specification or growth phenotypes when in combination with the tcf7 l1a mutation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defining the Neural Kinome: Strategies and Opportunities for Small Molecule Drug Discovery to Target Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Andrea I Krahn,Carrow I. Wells,David H. Drewry,Lenore K. Beitel,Thomas M. Durcan,Alison D. Axtman +5 more
TL;DR: The imminent need for new therapeutics to treat the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases as well as the promise of kinase inhibitors to address this need are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dopamine regulation of contextual fear and associated neural circuit function.
TL;DR: Understanding how dopamine regulates contextual fear will lead to novel insights on the neurochemical modulation of neural circuit function underlying memory processing, and may have translational relevance given that contextual fear conditioning and extinction also provide useful preclinical models of certain aspects of anxiety‐related disorders and their treatment.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Network biology: understanding the cell's functional organization
TL;DR: This work states that rapid advances in network biology indicate that cellular networks are governed by universal laws and offer a new conceptual framework that could potentially revolutionize the view of biology and disease pathologies in the twenty-first century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight?
TL;DR: This Review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanistic aspects of microRNA-induced repression of translation and discusses some of the controversies regarding different modes of micro RNA function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
Guri Giaever,Angela M. Chu,Li Ni,Carla Connelly,Linda Riles,Steeve Veronneau,Sally Dow,Ankuta Lucau-Danila,Keith Anderson,Bruno André,Adam P. Arkin,Anna Astromoff,Mohamed El Bakkoury,Rhonda Bangham,Rocío Benito,Sophie Brachat,Stefano Campanaro,Matt Curtiss,Karen Davis,Adam M. Deutschbauer,K. D. Entian,Patrick Flaherty,Françoise Foury,David J. Garfinkel,Mark Gerstein,Deanna Gotte,Ulrich Güldener,Johannes H. Hegemann,Svenja Hempel,Zelek S. Herman,Daniel F. Jaramillo,Diane E. Kelly,Steven L. Kelly,Peter Kötter,Darlene LaBonte,David C. Lamb,Ning Lan,Hong Liang,Hong Liao,Lucy Y. Liu,Chuanyun Luo,Marc Lussier,Rong Mao,Patrice Menard,Siew Loon Ooi,José L. Revuelta,Christopher J. Roberts,Matthias Rose,Petra Ross-Macdonald,Bart Scherens,Greg Schimmack,Brenda Shafer,Daniel D. Shoemaker,Sharon Sookhai-Mahadeo,Reginald Storms,Jeffrey N. Strathern,Giorgio Valle,Marleen Voet,Guido Volckaert,Ching Yun Wang,Teresa R. Ward,Julie Wilhelmy,Elizabeth A. Winzeler,Yonghong Yang,Grace Yen,Elaine M. Youngman,Kexin Yu,Howard Bussey,Jef D. Boeke,Michael Snyder,Peter Philippsen,Ronald W. Davis,Mark Johnston +72 more
TL;DR: It is shown that previously known and new genes are necessary for optimal growth under six well-studied conditions: high salt, sorbitol, galactose, pH 8, minimal medium and nystatin treatment, and less than 7% of genes that exhibit a significant increase in messenger RNA expression are also required for optimal Growth in four of the tested conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene Action in the X -chromosome of the Mouse ( Mus musculus L.)
TL;DR: Ohno and Hauschka1 showed that in female mice one chromosome of mammary carcinoma cells and of normal diploid cells of the ovary, mammary gland and liver was heteropyKnotic and suggested that the so-called sex chromatin was composed of one heteropyknotic X-chromosome.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Transcriptional Landscape of the Mammalian Genome
Piero Carninci,Takeya Kasukawa,Shintaro Katayama,Julian Gough,Martin C. Frith,N. Maeda,Rieko Oyama,Timothy Ravasi,Boris Lenhard,Christine A. Wells,Christine A. Wells,Rimantas Kodzius,Kazuro Shimokawa,Vladimir B. Bajic,Steven E. Brenner,Serge Batalov,Alistair R. R. Forrest,Mihaela Zavolan,Melissa J. Davis,Laurens G. Wilming,Vassilis Aidinis,Jonathan E. Allen,Alberto Ambesi-Impiombato,Rolf Apweiler,Rajith N. Aturaliya,Timothy L. Bailey,Mukesh Bansal,Laura L. Baxter,Kirk W. Beisel,T. Bersano,Hidemasa Bono,Alistair M. Chalk,Kuo Ping Chiu,V. Choudhary,Alan Christoffels,D. R. Clutterbuck,Mark L. Crowe,Emiliano Dalla,Brian P. Dalrymple,Bernard de Bono,G. Della Gatta,Diego di Bernardo,Thomas A. Down,Pär G. Engström,Michela Fagiolini,Geoffrey J. Faulkner,Colin F. Fletcher,T. Fukushima,Masaaki Furuno,Sugiko Futaki,Manuela Gariboldi,P. Georgii-Hemming,Thomas R. Gingeras,Takashi Gojobori,Richard E. Green,Stefano Gustincich,Matthias Harbers,Yoshitaka Hayashi,Takao K. Hensch,Nobutaka Hirokawa,David E. Hill,Lukasz Huminiecki,M. Iacono,Kazuho Ikeo,Atsushi Iwama,T. Ishikawa,M. Jakt,Alexander Kanapin,Masaru Katoh,Yuka Imamura Kawasawa,Janet Kelso,Hiroshi Kitamura,Hiroaki Kitano,George Kollias,S. P. T. Krishnan,Adele Kruger,Sarah K. Kummerfeld,Igor V. Kurochkin,Liana F. Lareau,Dejan Lazarevic,Leonard Lipovich,Jinfeng Liu,Sabino Liuni,Sean McWilliam,M. Madan Babu,Martin Madera,Luigi Marchionni,Hideo Matsuda,Shu-ichi Matsuzawa,Harukata Miki,Flavio Mignone,Sou Miyake,Ken A. Morris,Salim Mottagui-Tabar,Salim Mottagui-Tabar,Nicola Mulder,Naoko Nakano,Hiromitsu Nakauchi,P. Ng,Roland Nilsson,S. Nishiguchi,Seishi Nishikawa,Franco Nori,Osamu Ohara,Yasushi Okazaki,Valerio Orlando,Ken C Pang,William J. Pavan,Giulio Pavesi,Graziano Pesole,Nikolai Petrovsky,Silvano Piazza,Jonathan C. Reed,James F. Reid,Brian Z. Ring,M. Ringwald,Burkhard Rost,Yijun Ruan,Steven L. Salzberg,Albin Sandelin,Claudio Schneider,Christian Schönbach,K. Sekiguchi,Colin A. Semple,Shigeto Seno,Luca Sessa,Y. Sheng,Y. Shibata,Hiroshi Shimada,Kiyo Shimada,D. Silva,B. Sinclair,Silke Sperling,Elia Stupka,Koji Sugiura,Razvan Sultana,Yoichi Takenaka,Kohei Taki,K. Tammoja,Sin Lam Tan,S. Tang,Martin S. Taylor,Jesper Tegnér,Sarah A. Teichmann,Hiroki R. Ueda,Erik van Nimwegen,Roberto Verardo,Chia-Lin Wei,Ken Yagi,H. Yamanishi,E. Zabarovsky,S. Zhu,Andreas Zimmer,Winston Hide,Carol J. Bult,Sean M. Grimmond,Rohan D. Teasdale,Edison T. Liu,Vladimir Brusic,John Quackenbush,Claes Wahlestedt,Claes Wahlestedt,John S. Mattick,David A. Hume,C. Kai,D. Sasaki,Yasuhiro Tomaru,S. Fukuda,Mutsumi Kanamori-Katayama,M. Suzuki,Junken Aoki,Taku Arakawa,J. Iida,Kengo Imamura,Masayoshi Itoh,T. Kato,Hideya Kawaji,N. Kawagashira,Tsugumi Kawashima,M. Kojima,S. Kondo,Hideaki Konno,K. Nakano,Noriko Ninomiya,T. Nishio,M. Okada,Charles Plessy,K. Shibata,Toshiyuki Shiraki,S. Suzuki,Michihira Tagami,Kazunori Waki,Akira Watahiki,Yuko Okamura-Oho,Harukazu Suzuki,Jun Kawai,Yoshihide Hayashizaki,Yoshihide Hayashizaki +197 more
TL;DR: Detailed polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.
Related Papers (5)
Efficient multiplex biallelic zebrafish genome editing using a CRISPR nuclease system
The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome.
Kerstin Howe,Matthew D. Clark,Carlos Torroja,Carlos Torroja,James Torrance,Camille Berthelot,Matthieu Muffato,John E. Collins,Sean Humphray,Karen McLaren,Lucy Matthews,Stuart McLaren,Ian M Sealy,Mario Caccamo,Carol Churcher,Carol Scott,Jeffrey C. Barrett,Romke Koch,Gerd Jörg Rauch,Simon D. M. White,William Chow,Britt Kilian,Leonor T. Quintais,José Afonso Guerra-Assunção,Yi Zhou,Yong Gu,Jennifer Yen,Jan Hinnerk Vogel,Tina Eyre,Seth Redmond,Ruby Banerjee,Jianxiang Chi,Beiyuan Fu,Elizabeth Langley,Sean Maguire,Gavin K. Laird,D. M. Lloyd,Emma J. Kenyon,Sarah Donaldson,Harminder Sehra,Jeff Almeida-King,Jane E. Loveland,Stephen J. Trevanion,Matthew Jones,Michael A. Quail,Dave Willey,Adrienne Hunt,John Burton,Sarah Sims,Kirsten McLay,Bob Plumb,J. C. Davis,Chris Clee,Karen Oliver,Richard M. Clark,Clare Riddle,David Eliott,Glen Threadgold,Glenn Harden,Darren Ware,Beverly Mortimer,Giselle Kerry,Paul Heath,Benjamin Phillimore,Alan Tracey,N Corby,Matthew Dunn,Christopher M. Johnson,Jonathan Wood,Susan J. Clark,Sarah Pelan,Guy Griffiths,Michelle Smith,Rebecca Glithero,Philip Howden,Nick Barker,Christopher Stevens,Joanna Harley,Karen Holt,Georgios Panagiotidis,J Lovell,Helen Beasley,Carl Henderson,Daria Gordon,Katherine Auger,Debbie E. Wright,Joanna Collins,Claire Raisen,Lauren Dyer,Kenric Leung,Lauren Robertson,Kirsty Ambridge,Daniel Leongamornlert,Sarah McGuire,Ruth Gilderthorp,C Griffiths,Deepa Manthravadi,Sarah Nichol,Gary L A Barker,S. Whitehead,Michael Kay,Jacqueline Brown,Clare Murnane,Emma Gray,Matthew Humphries,N Sycamore,Darren Barker,David S. Saunders,J. M. Wallis,A K Babbage,S Hammond,M Mashreghi-Mohammadi,Lucy Barr,Sancha Martin,Paul Wray,Andrew D. Ellington,Nicholas Matthews,Matthew Ellwood,Rebecca Woodmansey,Graham Clark,James D. Cooper,A Tromans,Darren Grafham,C. D. Skuce,Richard Pandian,Robert Andrews,Elliot Harrison,A M Kimberley,J Garnett,Nigel Fosker,Rebekah Hall,P Garner,Daniel P. Kelly,Christine P. Bird,Sophie Palmer,Ines Gehring,Andrea Berger,Christopher M. Dooley,Christopher M. Dooley,Zübeyde Ersan-Ürün,Cigdem Eser,Horst Geiger,Maria Geisler,Lena Karotki,Anette Kirn,Judith Konantz,Martina Konantz,Martina Oberländer,Silke Rudolph-Geiger,Mathias Teucke,Kazutoyo Osoegawa,Baoli Zhu,Amanda Rapp,Sara Widaa,Cordelia Langford,Fengtang Yang,Nigel P. Carter,Jennifer Harrow,Zemin Ning,Javier Herrero,Steve Searle,Anton J. Enright,Robert Geisler,Robert Geisler,Ronald H.A. Plasterk,Charles Lee,Monte Westerfield,Pieter J. de Jong,Leonard I. Zon,John H. Postlethwait,Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard,Tim Hubbard,Hugues Roest Crollius,Jane Rogers,Derek L. Stemple +174 more