History of the Concept of Disconnectivity in Schizophrenia.
TLDR
Widespread loss of cortical synaptic connectivity appears to be the primary pathology in schizophrenia that is driven by multiple risk genes that adversely affect synaptogenesis and synapse maintenance, as hypothesized by Seymour Kety.Abstract:
Nearly 60 years ago Seymour Kety proposed that research on genetics and brain pathology, but not on neurochemistry, would ultimately lead to an understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This article will demonstrate the prescience of Kety's proposal; advances in our knowledge of brain structure and genetics have shaped our current understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Brain-imaging techniques have shown that schizophrenia is associated with cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement, which progresses for at least a decade after the onset of psychotic symptoms. Cortical atrophy correlates with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment, but not with psychotic symptoms, in schizophrenia. Studies with the Golgi-staining technique that illuminates the entire neuron indicate that cortical atrophy is due to reduced synaptic connectivity on the pyramidal neurons and not due to actual loss of neurons. Results of recent genetic studies indicate that several risk genes for schizophrenia are within two degrees of separation from the N-methy-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a subtype of glutamate receptor that is critical to synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. Inactivation of one of these risk genes that encodes serine racemase, which synthesizes D-serine, an NMDAR co-agonist, reproduces the synaptic pathology of schizophrenia. Thus, widespread loss of cortical synaptic connectivity appears to be the primary pathology in schizophrenia that is driven by multiple risk genes that adversely affect synaptogenesis and synapse maintenance, as hypothesized by Kety.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutamate hypothesis in schizophrenia.
TL;DR: The evidence that alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission, especially focusing on the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function, may be a critical causative feature of schizophrenia is reviewed, how this contributes to pathologic circuit function in the brain, and how these insights are revealing whole new avenues for treatment development that could reduce treatment‐resistant symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
MEF2C regulates cortical inhibitory and excitatory synapses and behaviors relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Adam J Harrington,Adam J Harrington,Aram J. Raissi,Kacey Rajkovich,Stefano Berto,Jaswinder Kumar,Jaswinder Kumar,Gemma Molinaro,Jonathan Raduazzo,Yuhong Guo,Kris Loerwald,Genevieve Konopka,Kimberly M. Huber,Christopher W. Cowan,Christopher W. Cowan +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that conditional embryonic deletion of Mef2c in cortical and hippocampal excitatory neurons (Emx1-lineage) produces a dramatic reduction in cortical network activity in vivo, and that MEF2C regulates E/I synapse density predominantly as a cell-autonomous, transcriptional repressor.
Journal ArticleDOI
White matter aberrations and age-related trajectories in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder revealed by diffusion tensor imaging
Siren Tønnesen,Tobias Kaufmann,Nhat Trung Doan,Dag Alnæs,Aldo Córdova-Palomera,Dennis van der Meer,Jaroslav Rokicki,Torgeir Moberget,Tiril P. Gurholt,Unn K. Haukvik,Torill Ueland,Torill Ueland,Trine Vik Lagerberg,Ingrid Agartz,Ole A. Andreassen,Lars T. Westlye,Lars T. Westlye +16 more
TL;DR: A sliding-window approach supported widespread WM involvement in SZ with most profound differences in FA from the late 20s, and the results were not strongly dependent on age or sex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain gray matter network organization in psychotic disorders.
Wenjing Zhang,Du Lei,Du Lei,Sarah K. Keedy,Elena I. Ivleva,Seenae Eum,Li Yao,Carol A. Tamminga,Brett A. Clementz,Matcheri S. Keshavan,Godfrey D. Pearlson,Elliot S. Gershon,Jeffrey R. Bishop,Qiyong Gong,Su Lui,John A. Sweeney,John A. Sweeney +16 more
TL;DR: These findings provide novel evidence of clinically relevant disruptions in the anatomic association of the superior temporal lobe with other regions of whole-brain networks in patients with psychotic disorders, but not in their unaffected relatives, suggesting that it is a disease-related trait.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative stress and the pathophysiology and symptom profile of schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Alex J Murray,Jack C. Rogers,Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu,Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu,Peter F. Liddle,Rachel Upthegrove +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how oxidative stress may be implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia and examine how current understanding relates associations with symptoms, potentially via lipid peroxidation induced neuronal damage.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale,Aiden Corvin,James T.R. Walters,Kai-How Farh,Peter Holmans,Phil Lee,Phil Lee,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,David A. Collier,David A. Collier,Hailiang Huang,Hailiang Huang,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Ingrid Agartz,Ingrid Agartz,Esben Agerbo,Esben Agerbo,Margot Albus,Madeline Alexander,Farooq Amin,Silviu Alin Bacanu,Martin Begemann,Richard A. Belliveau,Judit Bene,Sarah E. Bergen,Sarah E. Bergen,Elizabeth Bevilacqua,Tim B. Bigdeli,Donald W. Black,Richard Bruggeman,Nancy G. Buccola,Randy L. Buckner,William Byerley,Wiepke Cahn,Guiqing Cai,Dominique Campion,Rita M. Cantor,Vaughan J. Carr,Noa Carrera,Stanley V. Catts,Kimberly Chambert,Raymond C.K. Chan,Ronald Y.L. Chen,Eric Y.H. Chen,Wei Cheng,Eric F.C. Cheung,Siow Ann Chong,C. Robert Cloninger,David Cohen,Nadine Cohen,Paul Cormican,Nicholas John Craddock,James J. Crowley,David Curtis,David Curtis,Michael Davidson,Kenneth L. Davis,Franziska Degenhardt,Jurgen Del Favero,Ditte Demontis,Ditte Demontis,Dimitris Dikeos,Timothy G. Dinan,Srdjan Djurovic,Gary Donohoe,Gary Donohoe,Elodie Drapeau,Jubao Duan,Frank Dudbridge,Naser Durmishi,Peter Eichhammer,Johan G. Eriksson,Johan G. Eriksson,Valentina Escott-Price,Laurent Essioux,Ayman H. Fanous,Martilias S. Farrell,Josef Frank,Lude Franke,Robert Freedman,Nelson B. Freimer,Marion Friedl,Joseph I. Friedman,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Giulio Genovese,Lyudmila Georgieva,Ina Giegling,Ina Giegling,Paola Giusti-Rodríguez,Stephanie Godard,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Vera Golimbet,Srihari Gopal,Jacob Gratten,Lieuwe de Haan,Christian Hammer,Marian L. Hamshere,Mark Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Vahram Haroutunian,Vahram Haroutunian,Annette M. Hartmann,Frans Henskens,Stefan Herms,Stefan Herms,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Per Hoffmann,Per Hoffmann,A. Hofman,Mads V. Hollegaard,David M. Hougaard,Masashi Ikeda,Inge Joa,Antonio Julià,René S. Kahn,Luba Kalaydjieva,Sena Karachanak-Yankova,Juha Karjalainen,David J. Kavanagh,Matthew C. Keller,James L. Kennedy,Andrey Khrunin,Yunjung Kim,Janis Klovins,James A. Knowles,Bettina Konte,Vaidutis Kučinskas,Zita Ausrele Kucinskiene,Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova,Anna K. Kähler,Claudine Laurent,Jimmy Lee Chee Keong,S. Hong Lee,Sophie E. Legge,Bernard Lerer,Miaoxin Li,Tao Li,Kung-Yee Liang,Jeffrey A. Lieberman,Svetlana A. Limborska,Carmel M. Loughland,Jan Lubinski,Jouko Lönnqvist,Milan Macek,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Brion S. Maher,Wolfgang Maier,J. Mallet,Sara Marsal,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Morten Mattingsdal,Robert W. McCarley,Colm McDonald,Andrew M. McIntosh,Sandra Meier,Carin J. Meijer,Béla Melegh,Ingrid Melle,Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately,Andres Metspalu,Patricia T. Michie,Lili Milani,Vihra Milanova,Younes Mokrab,Derek W. Morris,Derek W. Morris,Ole Mors,Ole Mors,Kieran C. Murphy,Robin M. Murray,Inez Myin-Germeys,Bertram Mueller-Myhsok,Mari Nelis,Igor Nenadic,Deborah A. Nertney,Gerald Nestadt,Kristin K. Nicodemus,Liene Nikitina-Zake,Laura Nisenbaum,Annelie Nordin,Eadbhard O'Callaghan,Colm O'Dushlaine,F. Anthony O'Neill,Sang-Yun Oh,Ann Olincy,Line Olsen,Jim van Os,Jim van Os,Christos Pantelis,George N. Papadimitriou,Sergi Papiol,Elena Parkhomenko,Michele T. Pato,Tiina Paunio,Tiina Paunio,Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic,Diana O. Perkins,Olli Pietiläinen,Olli Pietiläinen,Jonathan Pimm,Andrew Pocklington,John Powell,Alkes L. Price,Alkes L. Price,Ann E. Pulver,Shaun Purcell,Digby Quested,Henrik B. Rasmussen,Abraham Reichenberg,Mark Reimers,Alexander Richards,Joshua L. Roffman,Panos Roussos,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Veikko Salomaa,Alan R. Sanders,Ulrich Schall,Christian R. Schubert,Thomas G. Schulze,Thomas G. Schulze,Sibylle G. Schwab,Edward M. Scolnick,Rodney J. Scott,Larry J. Seidman,Jianxin Shi,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Teimuraz Silagadze,Jeremy M. Silverman,Jeremy M. Silverman,Kang Sim,Petr Slominsky,Jordan W. Smoller,Jordan W. Smoller,Hon-Cheong So,Chris C. A. Spencer,Eli A. Stahl,Eli A. Stahl,Hreinn Stefansson,Stacy Steinberg,Elisabeth Stögmann,Richard E. Straub,Eric Strengman,Jana Strohmaier,T. Scott Stroup,Mythily Subramaniam,Jaana Suvisaari,Dragan M. Svrakic,Jin P. Szatkiewicz,Erik Söderman,Srinivas Thirumalai,Draga Toncheva,Sarah Tosato,Juha Veijola,John L. Waddington,Dermot Walsh,Dai Wang,Qiang Wang,Bradley T. Webb,Mark Weiser,Dieter B. Wildenauer,Nigel Williams,Stephanie Williams,Stephanie H. Witt,Aaron R. Wolen,Emily H. M. Wong,Brandon Wormley,Hualin Simon Xi,Clement C. Zai,Xuebin Zheng,Fritz Zimprich,Naomi R. Wray,Kari Stefansson,Peter M. Visscher,Rolf Adolfsson,Ole A. Andreassen,Douglas Blackwood,Elvira Bramon,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Anders D. Børglum,Anders D. Børglum,Sven Cichon,Sven Cichon,Ariel Darvasi,Enrico Domenici,Hannelore Ehrenreich,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Pablo V. Gejman,Michael Gill,Hugh Gurling,Christina M. Hultman,Nakao Iwata,Assen Jablensky,Erik G. Jönsson,Erik G. Jönsson,Kenneth S. Kendler,George Kirov,Jo Knight,Todd Lencz,Todd Lencz,Douglas F. Levinson,Qingqin S. Li,Jianjun Liu,Jianjun Liu,Anil K. Malhotra,Anil K. Malhotra,Steven A. McCarroll,Steven A. McCarroll,Andrew McQuillin,Jennifer L. Moran,Preben Bo Mortensen,Preben Bo Mortensen,Bryan J. Mowry,Markus M. Noethen,Roel A. Ophoff,Roel A. Ophoff,Michael John Owen,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Carlos N. Pato,Tracey L. Petryshen,Tracey L. Petryshen,Danielle Posthuma,Danielle Posthuma,Marcella Rietschel,Brien P. Riley,Dan Rujescu,Dan Rujescu,Pak C. Sham,Pamela Sklar,David St Clair,Daniel R. Weinberger,Jens R. Wendland,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Patrick F. Sullivan,Patrick F. Sullivan,Michael Conlon O'Donovan +354 more
TL;DR: Associations at DRD2 and several genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dendritic spine changes associated with hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity
Florian Engert,Tobias Bonhoeffer +1 more
TL;DR: After induction of long-lasting (but not short-lasting) functional enhancement of synapses in area CA1, new spines appear on the postsynaptic dendrite, whereas in control regions on the same dendrites or in slices where long-term potentiation was blocked, no significant spine growth occurred.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation.
TL;DR: Functional imaging data indicate that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia reflects aberrant activity in, and integration of, the components of distributed circuits involving the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and certain subcortical structures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Decreased dendritic spine density on prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia.
Leisa A. Glantz,David A. Lewis +1 more
TL;DR: This region- and disease-specific decrease in dendritic spine density on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex layer 3 pyramidal cells is consistent with the hypothesis that the number of cortical and/or thalamic excitatory inputs to these neurons is altered in subjects with schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disruption of two novel genes by a translocation co-segregating with schizophrenia
J. Kirsty Millar,Julie C. Wilson-Annan,Susan Anderson,Sheila Christie,Martin S. Taylor,Collin A.M. Semple,Rebecca S. Devon,David St Clair,Walter J. Muir,Douglas Blackwood,David J. Porteous +10 more
TL;DR: Observations indicate that DISC1 and DISC2 should be considered formal candidate genes for susceptibility to psychiatric illness.
Related Papers (5)
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Stephan Ripke,Stephan Ripke,Benjamin M. Neale,Benjamin M. Neale,Aiden Corvin,James T.R. Walters,Kai-How Farh,Peter Holmans,Phil Lee,Phil Lee,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,Brendan Bulik-Sullivan,David A. Collier,David A. Collier,Hailiang Huang,Hailiang Huang,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Tune H. Pers,Ingrid Agartz,Ingrid Agartz,Esben Agerbo,Esben Agerbo,Margot Albus,Madeline Alexander,Farooq Amin,Silviu Alin Bacanu,Martin Begemann,Richard A. Belliveau,Judit Bene,Sarah E. Bergen,Sarah E. Bergen,Elizabeth Bevilacqua,Tim B. Bigdeli,Donald W. Black,Richard Bruggeman,Nancy G. Buccola,Randy L. Buckner,William Byerley,Wiepke Cahn,Guiqing Cai,Dominique Campion,Rita M. Cantor,Vaughan J. Carr,Noa Carrera,Stanley V. Catts,Kimberly Chambert,Raymond C.K. Chan,Ronald Y.L. Chen,Eric Y.H. Chen,Wei Cheng,Eric F.C. Cheung,Siow Ann Chong,C. Robert Cloninger,David Cohen,Nadine Cohen,Paul Cormican,Nicholas John Craddock,James J. Crowley,David Curtis,David Curtis,Michael Davidson,Kenneth L. Davis,Franziska Degenhardt,Jurgen Del Favero,Ditte Demontis,Ditte Demontis,Dimitris Dikeos,Timothy G. Dinan,Srdjan Djurovic,Gary Donohoe,Gary Donohoe,Elodie Drapeau,Jubao Duan,Frank Dudbridge,Naser Durmishi,Peter Eichhammer,Johan G. Eriksson,Johan G. Eriksson,Valentina Escott-Price,Laurent Essioux,Ayman H. Fanous,Martilias S. Farrell,Josef Frank,Lude Franke,Robert Freedman,Nelson B. Freimer,Marion Friedl,Joseph I. Friedman,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Menachem Fromer,Giulio Genovese,Lyudmila Georgieva,Ina Giegling,Ina Giegling,Paola Giusti-Rodríguez,Stephanie Godard,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Jacqueline I. Goldstein,Vera Golimbet,Srihari Gopal,Jacob Gratten,Lieuwe de Haan,Christian Hammer,Marian L. Hamshere,Mark Hansen,Thomas Hansen,Vahram Haroutunian,Vahram Haroutunian,Annette M. Hartmann,Frans Henskens,Stefan Herms,Stefan Herms,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Joel N. Hirschhorn,Per Hoffmann,Per Hoffmann,A. Hofman,Mads V. Hollegaard,David M. Hougaard,Masashi Ikeda,Inge Joa,Antonio Julià,René S. Kahn,Luba Kalaydjieva,Sena Karachanak-Yankova,Juha Karjalainen,David J. Kavanagh,Matthew C. Keller,James L. Kennedy,Andrey Khrunin,Yunjung Kim,Janis Klovins,James A. Knowles,Bettina Konte,Vaidutis Kučinskas,Zita Ausrele Kucinskiene,Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova,Anna K. Kähler,Claudine Laurent,Jimmy Lee Chee Keong,S. Hong Lee,Sophie E. Legge,Bernard Lerer,Miaoxin Li,Tao Li,Kung-Yee Liang,Jeffrey A. Lieberman,Svetlana A. Limborska,Carmel M. Loughland,Jan Lubinski,Jouko Lönnqvist,Milan Macek,Patrik K. E. Magnusson,Brion S. Maher,Wolfgang Maier,J. Mallet,Sara Marsal,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Manuel Mattheisen,Morten Mattingsdal,Robert W. McCarley,Colm McDonald,Andrew M. McIntosh,Sandra Meier,Carin J. Meijer,Béla Melegh,Ingrid Melle,Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately,Andres Metspalu,Patricia T. Michie,Lili Milani,Vihra Milanova,Younes Mokrab,Derek W. Morris,Derek W. Morris,Ole Mors,Ole Mors,Kieran C. Murphy,Robin M. Murray,Inez Myin-Germeys,Bertram Mueller-Myhsok,Mari Nelis,Igor Nenadic,Deborah A. Nertney,Gerald Nestadt,Kristin K. Nicodemus,Liene Nikitina-Zake,Laura Nisenbaum,Annelie Nordin,Eadbhard O'Callaghan,Colm O'Dushlaine,F. Anthony O'Neill,Sang-Yun Oh,Ann Olincy,Line Olsen,Jim van Os,Jim van Os,Christos Pantelis,George N. Papadimitriou,Sergi Papiol,Elena Parkhomenko,Michele T. Pato,Tiina Paunio,Tiina Paunio,Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic,Diana O. Perkins,Olli Pietiläinen,Olli Pietiläinen,Jonathan Pimm,Andrew Pocklington,John Powell,Alkes L. Price,Alkes L. Price,Ann E. Pulver,Shaun Purcell,Digby Quested,Henrik B. Rasmussen,Abraham Reichenberg,Mark Reimers,Alexander Richards,Joshua L. Roffman,Panos Roussos,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Douglas M. Ruderfer,Veikko Salomaa,Alan R. Sanders,Ulrich Schall,Christian R. Schubert,Thomas G. Schulze,Thomas G. Schulze,Sibylle G. Schwab,Edward M. Scolnick,Rodney J. Scott,Larry J. Seidman,Jianxin Shi,Engilbert Sigurdsson,Teimuraz Silagadze,Jeremy M. Silverman,Jeremy M. Silverman,Kang Sim,Petr Slominsky,Jordan W. Smoller,Jordan W. Smoller,Hon-Cheong So,Chris C. A. Spencer,Eli A. Stahl,Eli A. Stahl,Hreinn Stefansson,Stacy Steinberg,Elisabeth Stögmann,Richard E. Straub,Eric Strengman,Jana Strohmaier,T. Scott Stroup,Mythily Subramaniam,Jaana Suvisaari,Dragan M. Svrakic,Jin P. Szatkiewicz,Erik Söderman,Srinivas Thirumalai,Draga Toncheva,Sarah Tosato,Juha Veijola,John L. Waddington,Dermot Walsh,Dai Wang,Qiang Wang,Bradley T. Webb,Mark Weiser,Dieter B. Wildenauer,Nigel Williams,Stephanie Williams,Stephanie H. Witt,Aaron R. Wolen,Emily H. M. Wong,Brandon Wormley,Hualin Simon Xi,Clement C. Zai,Xuebin Zheng,Fritz Zimprich,Naomi R. Wray,Kari Stefansson,Peter M. Visscher,Rolf Adolfsson,Ole A. Andreassen,Douglas Blackwood,Elvira Bramon,Joseph D. Buxbaum,Anders D. Børglum,Anders D. Børglum,Sven Cichon,Sven Cichon,Ariel Darvasi,Enrico Domenici,Hannelore Ehrenreich,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Tõnu Esko,Pablo V. Gejman,Michael Gill,Hugh Gurling,Christina M. Hultman,Nakao Iwata,Assen Jablensky,Erik G. Jönsson,Erik G. Jönsson,Kenneth S. Kendler,George Kirov,Jo Knight,Todd Lencz,Todd Lencz,Douglas F. Levinson,Qingqin S. Li,Jianjun Liu,Jianjun Liu,Anil K. Malhotra,Anil K. Malhotra,Steven A. McCarroll,Steven A. McCarroll,Andrew McQuillin,Jennifer L. Moran,Preben Bo Mortensen,Preben Bo Mortensen,Bryan J. Mowry,Markus M. Noethen,Roel A. Ophoff,Roel A. Ophoff,Michael John Owen,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Carlos N. Pato,Tracey L. Petryshen,Tracey L. Petryshen,Danielle Posthuma,Danielle Posthuma,Marcella Rietschel,Brien P. Riley,Dan Rujescu,Dan Rujescu,Pak C. Sham,Pamela Sklar,David St Clair,Daniel R. Weinberger,Jens R. Wendland,Thomas Werge,Thomas Werge,Mark J. Daly,Mark J. Daly,Patrick F. Sullivan,Patrick F. Sullivan,Michael Conlon O'Donovan +354 more
Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals : results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group
Sinead Kelly,Sinead Kelly,Neda Jahanshad,Andrew Zalesky,Peter Kochunov,Ingrid Agartz,Ingrid Agartz,Clara Alloza,Ole A. Andreassen,Celso Arango,Nerisa Banaj,Sylvain Bouix,Chad A. Bousman,Chad A. Bousman,Chad A. Bousman,Rachel M. Brouwer,Jason M. Bruggemann,Juan R. Bustillo,Wiepke Cahn,V.D. Calhoun,V.D. Calhoun,Dara M. Cannon,Vaughan J. Carr,Stanley V. Catts,J. Chen,J. X. Chen,X. Chen,Chiara Chiapponi,Kl K. Cho,Valentina Ciullo,A. S. Corvin,Benedicto Crespo-Facorro,Vanessa Cropley,P. De Rossi,Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja,Erin W. Dickie,Stefan Ehrlich,F. M. Fan,Joshua Faskowitz,Helena Fatouros-Bergman,L. Flyckt,L. Flyckt,Judith M. Ford,Jean-Paul Fouche,Masaki Fukunaga,Michael Gill,David C. Glahn,Randy L. Gollub,E. D. Goudzwaard,H. Guo,R.E. Gur,Ruben C. Gur,Tiril P. Gurholt,Ryota Hashimoto,Ryota Hashimoto,Sean N. Hatton,Frans Henskens,Frans Henskens,Derrek P. Hibar,Ian B. Hickie,L. E. Hong,Jiri Horacek,Jiri Horacek,Fleur M. Howells,Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol,Craig L. Hyde,Dmitry Isaev,Assen Jablensky,Philip R. Jansen,Joost Janssen,Joost Janssen,Erik G. Jönsson,Erik G. Jönsson,L. A. Jung,René S. Kahn,Zora Kikinis,K. Liu,Paul Klauser,Paul Klauser,Paul Klauser,C. Knöchel,Marek Kubicki,Jim Lagopoulos,Carolyn D. Langen,Stephen M. Lawrie,Rhoshel K. Lenroot,Kelvin O. Lim,Carlos López-Jaramillo,Amanda E. Lyall,Amanda E. Lyall,Vincent A. Magnotta,René C.W. Mandl,Daniel H. Mathalon,R. W. McCarley,Simon McCarthy-Jones,Colm McDonald,Sarah McEwen,Andrew M. McIntosh,Tomas Melicher,Tomas Melicher,Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately,Patricia T. Michie,Patricia T. Michie,Bryan J. Mowry,Bryon A. Mueller,Dominick T. Newell,Patricio O'Donnell,V. Oertel-Knöchel,Lena K. L. Oestreich,Sara A. Paciga,Christos Pantelis,Christos Pantelis,Christos Pantelis,Ofer Pasternak,Godfrey D. Pearlson,Gaia Romana Pellicano,Antonio Pereira,J. Pineda Zapata,F. Piras,Steven G. Potkin,Adrian Preda,P. E. Rasser,P. E. Rasser,David R. Roalf,R. Roiz,Annerine Roos,D. Rotenberg,Theodore D. Satterthwaite,Peter Savadjiev,Ulrich Schall,Ulrich Schall,Rodney J. Scott,Rodney J. Scott,Marc L. Seal,Larry J. Seidman,Larry J. Seidman,Larry J. Seidman,C. Shannon Weickert,C. Shannon Weickert,C. Shannon Weickert,Christopher D. Whelan,Martha E. Shenton,Martha E. Shenton,Jun Soo Kwon,Gianfranco Spalletta,Filip Spaniel,Filip Spaniel,Emma Sprooten,M. Stäblein,Dan J. Stein,Dan J. Stein,Suresh Sundram,Suresh Sundram,Y. Tan,S. Tan,S. Tang,H. S. Temmingh,Lars T. Westlye,Siren Tønnesen,Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez,Nhat Trung Doan,Jatin G. Vaidya,N.E.M. van Haren,Claudia D. Vargas,Daniela Vecchio,Dennis Velakoulis,Aristotle N. Voineskos,J. Q. Voyvodic,Zhen Wang,P. Wan,D. Wei,Thomas W. Weickert,Thomas W. Weickert,Thomas W. Weickert,Heather C. Whalley,Tonya White,Thomas J. Whitford,Joanne Wojcik,H. Xiang,H. Xiang,Z. Xie,H. Yamamori,F. Yang,Nailin Yao,G. Zhang,Jingjing Zhao,Jingjing Zhao,T.G.M. van Erp,Jessica A. Turner,Paul M. Thompson,Paul M. Thompson,Gary Donohoe +191 more