Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional regulation by Polycomb group proteins.
TLDR
The current knowledge of the PRC complexes is discussed, how they are targeted to chromatin and how the high diversity of the PcG proteins allows these complexes to influence cell identity.Abstract:
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function within Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs), which modify histones and other proteins and silence target genes. This Review highlights new insights into the role of PcG proteins in gene regulation, specifically in controlling self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and into how PRCs are targeted to chromatin.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chromatin repressive complexes in stem cells, development, and cancer.
Anne Laugesen,Kristian Helin +1 more
TL;DR: The roles of the polycomb repressive complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, and the HDAC1- and HDAC2-containing complexes, NuRD, Sin3, and CoREST, in stem cells, development, and cancer, as well as the ongoing efforts to develop therapies targeting these complexes in human cancer are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of gene transcription by Polycomb proteins
TL;DR: The diversity of PcG complexes in mammalian cells is discussed, newly identified modes of recruitment to chromatin are examined, and the latest insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of P cGs in transcription regulation and three-dimensional chromatin conformation are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resetting Epigenetic Memory by Reprogramming of Histone Modifications in Mammals
Hui Zheng,Bo Huang,Bingjie Zhang,Yunlong Xiang,Zhenhai Du,Qianhua Xu,Yuanyuan Li,Qiujun Wang,Jing Ma,Xu Peng,Feng Xu,Wei Xie +11 more
TL;DR: Widespread resetting of epigenetic memory and striking plasticity of epigenome during gametogenesis and early development is revealed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cancer epigenome: Concepts, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities
TL;DR: This review provides a broad context for recent developments that offer a greater understanding of how epigenetic regulators facilitate the initiation, maintenance, and evolution of cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic control of CD8+ T cell differentiation.
TL;DR: The epigenetic processes that direct CD8+ T cell differentiation and function are reviewed, focusing on epigenetic modification of DNA and associated histones at genes and their regulatory elements and structural changes in chromatin organization that affect gene expression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution
TL;DR: The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome.
Artem Barski,Suresh Cuddapah,Kairong Cui,Tae-Young Roh,Dustin E. Schones,Zhibin Wang,Gang Wei,Iouri Chepelev,Keji Zhao +8 more
TL;DR: High-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations as well as histone variant H2A.Z, RNA polymerase II, and the insulator binding protein CTCF across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology are generated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Demarcation of Active and Silent Chromatin Domains in Human HOX Loci by Noncoding RNAs
John L. Rinn,Michael Kertesz,Jordon K. Wang,Sharon L. Squazzo,Xiao Xu,Samantha A. Brugmann,L. Henry Goodnough,Jill A. Helms,Peggy J. Farnham,Eran Segal,Howard Y. Chang +10 more
TL;DR: The transcriptional landscape of the four human HOX loci is characterized at five base pair resolution in 11 anatomic sites and 231 HOX ncRNAs are identified that extend known transcribed regions by more than 30 kilobases, suggesting transcription of ncRNA may demarcate chromosomal domains of gene silencing at a distance.
Journal ArticleDOI
A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila.
TL;DR: The wild-type and mutant segmentation patterns are consistent with an antero-posterior gradient in repressor concentration along the embryo and a proximo-distal gradient along the chromosome in the affinities for repressor of each gene's cis-regulatory element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression
Ahmad M. Khalil,Mitchell Guttman,Maite Huarte,Manuel Garber,Arjun Raj,Dianali Rivea Morales,Kelly Thomas,Aviva Presser,Bradley E. Bernstein,Alexander van Oudenaarden,Aviv Regev,Eric S. Lander,John L. Rinn +12 more
TL;DR: A model in which some lincRNAs guide chromatin-modifying complexes to specific genomic loci to regulate gene expression is proposed, and it is shown that siRNA-mediated depletion of certain linc RNAs associated with PRC2 leads to changes in gene expression.