Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional regulation by Polycomb group proteins.
TLDR
The current knowledge of the PRC complexes is discussed, how they are targeted to chromatin and how the high diversity of the PcG proteins allows these complexes to influence cell identity.Abstract:
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function within Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs), which modify histones and other proteins and silence target genes. This Review highlights new insights into the role of PcG proteins in gene regulation, specifically in controlling self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and into how PRCs are targeted to chromatin.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
microRNAs and Prostate Cancer
TL;DR: MicroRNAs mediate tumor growth, EMT, and metastasis through cell intrinsic mechanisms and extracellular communications and could be novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in bone metastatic prostate cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Whsc1 links pluripotency exit with mesendoderm specification
Tian V. Tian,Bruno Di Stefano,Gregoire Stik,Maria Vila-Casadesús,Jose Luis Sardina,Enrique Vidal,Alessandro Dasti,Carolina Segura-Morales,Luisa de Andrés-Aguayo,Antonio Gomez,Johanna Goldmann,Rudolf Jaenisch,Thomas Graf +12 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the chromatin-related factor Whsc1 has a dual role in pluripotency exit and germ layer specification of embryonic stem cells and binds to enhancers of mesendodermal regulators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control of the gene activity by polycomb and trithorax group proteins in Drosophila
TL;DR: This review focuses on the main characteristics and properties of the Drosophila PRE elements and discusses the main aspects of competition between the proteins of these classes as well as their possible mechanisms of action.
BookDOI
Brain Crosstalk in Puberty and Adolescence
TL;DR: The role of pubertal hormones in the development of gender identity and fMRI studies, as well as the role of gonadotropic axis deficiency, are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
H3K9me3 maintenance on a human artificial chromosome is required for segregation but not centromere epigenetic memory.
Nuno Martins,Fernanda Cisneros-Soberanis,Elisa Pesenti,Natalia Y. Kochanova,Wei-Hao Shang,Tetsuya Hori,Takahiro Nagase,Hiroshi Kimura,Vladimir Larionov,Hiroshi Masumoto,Tatsuo Fukagawa,William C. Earnshaw +11 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that a minimal level of heterochromatin is required to stabilize mitotic centromere function but not for maintainingCentromere epigenetic memory, and that a homeostatic pathway maintains heterochROMatin at centromeres.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution
TL;DR: The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome.
Artem Barski,Suresh Cuddapah,Kairong Cui,Tae-Young Roh,Dustin E. Schones,Zhibin Wang,Gang Wei,Iouri Chepelev,Keji Zhao +8 more
TL;DR: High-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations as well as histone variant H2A.Z, RNA polymerase II, and the insulator binding protein CTCF across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology are generated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Demarcation of Active and Silent Chromatin Domains in Human HOX Loci by Noncoding RNAs
John L. Rinn,Michael Kertesz,Jordon K. Wang,Sharon L. Squazzo,Xiao Xu,Samantha A. Brugmann,L. Henry Goodnough,Jill A. Helms,Peggy J. Farnham,Eran Segal,Howard Y. Chang +10 more
TL;DR: The transcriptional landscape of the four human HOX loci is characterized at five base pair resolution in 11 anatomic sites and 231 HOX ncRNAs are identified that extend known transcribed regions by more than 30 kilobases, suggesting transcription of ncRNA may demarcate chromosomal domains of gene silencing at a distance.
Journal ArticleDOI
A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila.
TL;DR: The wild-type and mutant segmentation patterns are consistent with an antero-posterior gradient in repressor concentration along the embryo and a proximo-distal gradient along the chromosome in the affinities for repressor of each gene's cis-regulatory element.
Journal ArticleDOI
Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression
Ahmad M. Khalil,Mitchell Guttman,Maite Huarte,Manuel Garber,Arjun Raj,Dianali Rivea Morales,Kelly Thomas,Aviva Presser,Bradley E. Bernstein,Alexander van Oudenaarden,Aviv Regev,Eric S. Lander,John L. Rinn +12 more
TL;DR: A model in which some lincRNAs guide chromatin-modifying complexes to specific genomic loci to regulate gene expression is proposed, and it is shown that siRNA-mediated depletion of certain linc RNAs associated with PRC2 leads to changes in gene expression.