George M. Weinstock

TL;DR: The Phase II HapMap is described, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25–35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed, and increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs is demonstrated.

TL;DR: A comprehensive search for conserved elements in vertebrate genomes is conducted, using genome-wide multiple alignments of five vertebrate species (human, mouse, rat, chicken, and Fugu rubripes), using a two-state phylogenetic hidden Markov model (phylo-HMM).

TL;DR: Somatic mutations in primary lung adenocarcinoma for several tumour suppressor genes involved in other cancers and for sequence changes in PTPRD as well as the frequently deleted gene LRP1B are found.

TL;DR: The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) Consortium has established a population-scale framework which catalyzed significant development of metagenomic protocols resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomics data available to the scientific community as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: This first comprehensive analysis of the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain is reported, which is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution.