Government College

About: Government College is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Ring (chemistry). The organization has 4481 authors who have published 5986 publications receiving 57398 citations.

Solubility Prediction of Satranidazole in Aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide Mixtures Using Extended Hildebrand Solubility Approach

Abstract: The solubility of satranidazole in several water-N,N-dimethylformamide mixtures was analysed in terms of solute-solvent interactions and data were treated on the basis of extended Hildebrand solubility approach. The solubility profile of satranidazole in water-N,N-dimethylformamide mixtures shows a curve with a solubility maxima well above the ideal solubility of drug. This is attributed to solvation of the drug with the water-N,N-dimethylformamide mixture, and indicates that the solute-solvent interaction energy (W) is larger than the geometric mean (δ1δ2 ) of regular solution theory. The new approach provides an accurate prediction of solubility once the interaction energy (W ) is obtained. In this case, the energy term is regressed against a polynomial in δ1 of the binary solvent mixture. A quartic expression of W in terms of solvent solubility parameter was found for predicting the mole fraction solubility of satranidazole in the studied mixtures. The method has potential usefulness in preformulation and formulation studies during which solubility prediction is important for drug design.

Polyphasic characterization of cyanobacteria isolated from desert crusts, and the description of Desertifilum tharense gen. et sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales)

Abstract: Dadheech P.K., Abed R.M.M., Mahmoud H., Krishna Mohan M. and Krienitz L. 2012. Polyphasic characterization of cyanobacteria isolated from desert crusts, and the description of Desertifilum tharense gen. et sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales) Phycologia 51: 260–270. DOI: 10.2216/09-51.1 Four new cyanobacterial strains isolated from biological desert crusts in Thar Desert, India were characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strains were designated to two mophotypes, but all strains exhibited identical 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. On the basis of 16S rRNA phylogenetic reconstruction, the strains belonged to the Oscillatoriales order and formed a coherent cluster in the phylogenetic tree, with more than 5% sequence divergence to the closest relative belonging to a species of Microcoleus Desmazieres ex Gomont. Our strains were different from the genus Microcoleus in phenotypic characters such as organization of thallus, trichome width, cell shape, gas vesicle, thylakoid arrangement and habitat. Althou...

Thermal slip and radiative heat transfer effects on electro-osmotic magnetonanoliquid peristaltic propulsion through a microchannel

Abstract: A mathematical study is described to examine the concurrent influence of thermal radiation and thermal wall slip on the dissipative magnetohydrodynamic electro-osmotic peristaltic propulsion of a viscous nano-liquid in an asymmetric microchannel under the action of an axial electric field and transverse magnetic field. Convective boundary conditions are incorporated in the model and the case of forced convection is studied i.e. thermal and species (nanoparticle volume fraction) buoyancy forces neglected. The heat source and sink effects are also included and the diffusion flux approximation is employed for radiative heat transfer. The transport model comprises the continuity, momentum, energy, nanoparticle volume fraction and electric potential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. These are simplified by negating the inertial forces and invoking the Debye–Huckel linearization. The resulting governing equations are reduced into a system of non-dimensional simultaneous ordinary differential equations, which is solved analytically. Numerical evaluation is conducted with symbolic software (MATLAB). The impact of different control parameters (Hartmann number, electroosmosis parameter, slip parameter, Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity, Biot numbers, Brinkman number, thermal radiation and Prandtl number) on the heat, mass and momentum characteristics (velocity, temperature, Nusselt number etc.) are presented graphically. Increasing Brinkman number is found to elevate temperature magnitudes. For positive Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity (reverse axial electrical field) temperature is strongly reduced whereas for negative Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity (aligned axial electrical field) it is significantly elevated. With increasing thermal slip nanoparticle volume fraction is also increased. Heat source elevates temperatures whereas heat sink depresses them, across the micro-channel span. Conversely, heat sink elevates nano-particle volume fraction whereas heat source decreases it. Increasing Hartmann (magnetic) parameter and Prandtl number enhance the nano-particle volume fraction. Furthermore, with increasing radiation parameter the Nusselt number is reduced at the extremities of the micro-channel whereas it is elevated at intermediate distances. The results reported provide a good insight into biomimetic energy systems exploiting electromagnetics and nanotechnology and furthermore they furnish a useful benchmark for experimental and more advanced computational multi-physics simulations.

Withania somnifera improves bone calcification in calcium-deficient ovariectomized rats.

Abstract: Osteoporosis, characterized by reduction in bone density, is a significant source of mortality among the elderly, particularly in oestrogen-deficient women. We studied the effect of Withania somnifera (WS) root extract (ethanolic), which contains oestrogen-like withanolides for anti-osteoporotic activity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham operated (n = 12) or ovariectomized (n = 12) and treated with WS/vehicle (65 mg kg(-1)), orally for 16 weeks (n = 12). All rats were allowed free access to a calcium-deficient diet (0.04% Ca) and distilled water. At termination, urinary excretion of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and serum levels of Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Femur and tibia bones were processed for histological (histology), morphological (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), biomechanical strength (impact test) and mineral composition (ash) analysis. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats showed a significant increase in serum ALP levels and urinary Ca and P excretion. Histological findings revealed narrowed, and disappearance of, trabeculae with widened medullary spaces in the OVX group. Ash analysis showed a reduction in ash weight, percent ash, ash Ca, ash P and ash magnesium levels in the OVX group. Further, SEM examination revealed metaphyseal bone loss in femurs and impact test showed a reduction in biomechanical strength of tibias in OVX rats. WS treatment markedly prevented the above changes in OVX rats and thus may be a potential agent in the treatment of osteoporosis.