Kent State University

About: Kent State University is a education organization based out in Kent, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Liquid crystal & Population. The organization has 10897 authors who have published 24607 publications receiving 720309 citations. The organization is also known as: Kent State & KSU.

Stability of older adults' preferences for life-sustaining medical treatment.

Abstract: The use of instructional advance directives assumes that preferences for life-sustaining medical treatment remain stable over time and across changes in life condition. A sample of 332 older adults recorded their preferences for 4 life-sustaining treatments in 9 illness scenarios. These preferences were elicited again 1 and 2 years after the original interview. Overall, preferences for life-sustaining treatment were moderately stable over time, but stability varied significantly across judgments. Preferences were most stable for illness scenarios that were most and least serious and for decisions to refuse treatment. Age, gender, education, and prior completion of an advance directive were all related to preference stability, and evidence indicated that declines in physical or psychological functioning resulted in decreased interest in life-sustaining treatment.

Social distribution of social support: the mediating role of life events.

Abstract: Although the relation of socioeconomic status (SES) to social support has been discussed for some time, researchers have rarely systematically examined the social patterning of this resource In addition, potential explanatory mechanisms have not been investigated This study examined both the social distribution of social support and the role of life events in the association between SES and social support in a nationally representative probability sample of adults from the National Cormorbidity Survey Higher education and income were related to more emotional support and fewer negative interactions Individuals with higher incomes were also less likely to report acute and chronic life events Finally, acute (but not chronic) life events mediated the relation between SES and social support (both emotional support and negative interactions) These results suggest the inability of lower SES individuals to mobilize social support in times of need may be explained by their more frequent experience of acute life events

Multiplicity distribution and spectra of negatively charged hadrons in Au + Au collisions at √SNN = 130 GeV

Abstract: The minimum-bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons (h{sup -}) in Au+Au interactions at s{sub NN}=130 GeV . The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dN{sub h{sup -}}/d{eta}|{sub {eta}=0} =280{+-}1(stat){+-}20(syst) , an increase per participant of 38% relative to p{bar p} collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508{+-}0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h{sup -} yield per participant is a strong function of p{sub {perpendicular}} . The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within |{eta}|<1 .

Tikhonov regularization of large linear problems

Abstract: Many numerical methods for the solution of linear ill-posed problems apply Tikhonov regularization. This paper presents a new numerical method, based on Lanczos bidiagonalization and Gauss quadrature, for Tikhonov regularization of large-scale problems. An estimate of the norm of the error in the data is assumed to be available. This allows the value of the regularization parameter to be determined by the discrepancy principle.

The Birth of Development: How the World Bank, Food And Agriculture Organization, And World Health Organization Have Changed the World, 1945-1965

Abstract: This book is a comprehensive examination of economic globalization Focused on the creation and evolution of post-1945 internationalist ideology, "The Birth of Development" highlights efforts to diffuse the destructive role of the nation-state in world affairs by constructing truly international organizations with global agendas - the World Bank, the Food and Agricultural Organization, and the World Health Organization These organizations, and the men and women who worked for them, pioneered the advancement of the quality of life for all and established an ongoing obligation to promote worldwide economic development As author Amy Staples reveals, the results of their efforts were often mixed Grounded in archival research conducted in the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization, and World Health Organization, as well as in other archives in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, "The Birth of Development" provides a foundational understanding for many of the debates on economic globalization, especially those that involve the World Bank and World Trade Organization Given the current role of international peace keepers and multinational aid agencies, this story is timely and makes clear that the issues that confronted early postwar planner and reformers remain in many ways unsolved even today "The Birth of Development" is unique It is the only, comparative study of these crucial architects of the theory and practice of economic development, and it contributes significantly to the ongoing effort to view the postwar period as more than simply an East-West Cold War It breaks new ground conceptually and methodologically and will be a welcome addition to the literature in the fields of modern diplomatic history and international relations