Kent State University

About: Kent State University is a education organization based out in Kent, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Liquid crystal & Population. The organization has 10897 authors who have published 24607 publications receiving 720309 citations. The organization is also known as: Kent State & KSU.

A survey of experimental research on contests, all-pay auctions and tournaments

Abstract: Many economic, political and social environments can be described as contests in which agents exert costly effort while competing over the distribution of a scarce resource. These environments have been studied using Tullock contests, all-pay auctions and rank-order tournaments. This survey provides a comprehensive review of experimental research on these three canonical contests. First, we review studies investigating the basic structure of contests, including the number of players and prizes, spillovers and externalities, heterogeneity, risk and incomplete information. Second, we discuss dynamic contests and multi-battle contests. Then we review studies examining sabotage, feedback, bias, collusion, alliances, group contests and gender, as well as field experiments. Finally, we discuss applications of contests and suggest directions for future research.

Azimuthal charged-particle correlations and possible local strong parity violation

Abstract: Parity-odd domains, corresponding to nontrivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the system's orbital momentum axis. We investigate a three-particle azimuthal correlator which is a P even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge separation effect. We report measurements of charged hadrons near center-of-mass rapidity with this observable in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at s(NN)=200 GeV using the STAR detector. A signal consistent with several expectations from the theory is detected. We discuss possible contributions from other effects that are not related to parity violation.

Determination of the Electron Transfer Number for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: From Theory to Experiment

Abstract: The forced convection methods on the rotating disk and ring-disk electrodes are carefully analyzed toward their use for calculation of the electron transfer number (n) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on various catalysts. It is shown that the widely used Koutechy–Levich (KL) method is not suitable to determine n for the ORR either theoretically or experimentally. From a theoretical viewpoint, the ORR is neither a single-step nor a one-way reaction and , therefore does not fulfill the assumptions of the KL method. From an experimental viewpoint, n is significantly dependent on the angular velocity of the rotating disk electrode, contradicting the assumption of constant n in the KL theory. An improved model is used to establish the aforementioned relationship between n and angular velocity. The recommended way to determine n for the ORR in alkaline electrolytes is to use the rotating ring-disk electrode with a properly biased Au ring, supplemented by the calibration of the collection efficiency.