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Therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer

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TLDR
In this paper, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could either support or suppress tumor progression in different cancers by paracrine signaling via MSC-derived extracellular vesicles.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures enclosing proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines. EVs have emerged as essential intercellular communication regulators in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could either support or suppress tumor progression in different cancers by paracrine signaling via MSC-derived EVs. Evidence suggested that MSC-derived EVs could mimic their parental cells, possessing pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, and inherent tumor tropism. Therefore, MSC-derived EVs can be a cell-free cancer treatment alternative. This review discusses different insights regarding MSC-derived EVs' roles in cancer treatment and summarizes bioengineered MSC-derived EVs' applications as safe and versatile anti-tumor agent delivery platforms. Meanwhile, current hurdles of moving MSC-derived EVs from bench to bedside are also discussed.

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Recent applications of immunomodulatory biomaterials for disease immunotherapy

TL;DR: In this article , the authors outline biomaterials with immunomodulatory functions discovered in recent years and their applications in disease treatment and discuss the prospects and challenges of biomaterial-based modulation of immunotherapy.
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Synchronous Disintegration of Ferroptosis Defense Axis via Engineered Exosome‐Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy

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Targeting the tumor stroma for cancer therapy

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors introduce and discuss current advances in the understanding of various stromal elements and their roles in cancers and elaborate on potential novel approaches for tumor-stroma-based therapeutic targeting, with the aim to promote the leap from bench to bedside.
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Preconditioning and Engineering Strategies for Improving the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cell-Free Therapy

TL;DR: In this article , two possible strategies to improve the therapeutic activity of MSC-exosomes: preconditioning approaches and engineering exosomes are summarized and discussed, and the underlying mechanisms of different strategies and their advantages and limitations are discussed.
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Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

TL;DR: It is imperative to identify a reliable upscaling technique that can produce large quantities of EVs consistently and ideally, the produced EVs should also possess cargo with improved therapeutic potential.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Multilineage Potential of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

TL;DR: Adult stem cells isolated from marrow aspirates of volunteer donors could be induced to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, chondrocytic, or osteocytic lineages.
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Human Adipose Tissue Is a Source of Multipotent Stem Cells

TL;DR: To confirm whether adipose tissue contains stem cells, the PLA population and multiple clonal isolates were analyzed using several molecular and biochemical approaches and PLA cells exhibited unique characteristics distinct from those seen in MSCs, including differences in CD marker profile and gene expression.
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Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) : a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Clotilde Théry, +417 more
TL;DR: The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities, and a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
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Marrow Stromal Cells as Stem Cells for Nonhematopoietic Tissues

TL;DR: Marrow stromal cells present an intriguing model for examining the differentiation of stem cells and have several characteristics that make them potentially useful for cell and gene therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities.

TL;DR: Novel engineering approaches are discussed that capitalize on the growing understanding of tumour biology and nano–bio interactions to develop more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients.
Related Papers (5)
Trending Questions (3)
Is many Many cell types produce these vesicles, which play roles in physiological and pathological processes such as cancer?

Yes, various cell types produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are involved in physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, as discussed in the paper on mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs.

Can exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells induce apoptosis in tumor cells?

Yes, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells can induce apoptosis in tumor cells by delivering tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein.

What are the advantages of MSCs-derived extracellular vesicle in cancer therapy?

The advantages of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer therapy include strong tumor tropism, low immunogenicity, high tolerance, and nanoparticle characteristics.