Gadjah Mada University

About: Gadjah Mada University is a education organization based out in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 17307 authors who have published 21389 publications receiving 116561 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Gajah Mada & Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Stone tools from mid-pleistocene sediments in java.

Abstract: Two stone tools (a chopper and a retouched flake) were found in mid-Pleistocene channel fills at Sambungmachan (Java), which earlier yielded a hominid skull cap with characteristics of Solo man and a Trinil-like fauna. The artifacts are the first discovered in place in deposits on Java that are assigned to the mid-Pleistocene on faunal grounds.

Effect of Cinnamomum burmannii Nees ex Bl. and Massoia aromatica Becc. Essential Oils on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro

Abstract: Summary. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that can be found in almost every habitat. They can be attached to a surface and protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules that substantially protect microorganisms from environmental effects. The aim of this research is to explore the potency of essential oils from Cinnamomum burmannii Nees ex Bl. and Massoia aromatica Becc. against planktonic growth and biofilm formation of, two opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. Essential oil from C. burmannii and M. aromatica showed a 50% inhibition of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus planktonic growth (PMIC 50 ) at concentration of 0.12 % v/v. Essential oil from C. burmannii and M. aromatica showed capability to inhibit 50% (MBIC 50 ) of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm formation at concentration of 0.03 % v/v, whereas higher concentration (0.12 % v/v) was needed by C. burmannii and M. aromatica oil to disrupt 50% of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus established biofilm. The analysis by GC-MS showed cinnamic aldehyde (92.02 %) to be the major component of C. burmannii essential oil, whereas Massoialactone (92.05 %) was the main constituent of M. aromatica essential oil. The results obtained in this study have made the oil of C. burmannii and M. aromatica oil as an interesting source for antibiofilm agents in the development of new strategies to treat infections caused by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilm. Industrial Relevance. Instead of freely swimming in solution (planktonic), in nature microbial tends to adhere to surfaces, and develop microbial biofilms. Microbial biofilms are exhibits resistance to both antimicrobial drugs and the host defence systems, which often results in persistent and difficult-to-treat infections. This makes the discovery of anti-infective agents which are active against planktonic and biofilm microbial represents an important goal. Plant is an interesting source for finding novel antibiofilm compounds. They are rich source of new molecules with pharmacological properties for the development of new drugs. The present research reports the potency of Cinnamomum burmannii . and Massoia aromatica oils against planktonic growth and biofilm of, two opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. The results scientifically establish the efficacy of C . burmannii and M. aromatica oils as interesting sources for antibiofilm agents in the development of new strategies to treat and prevent biofilm associated infections. Keywords. Biofilms; Cinnamomum burmannii Nees ex Bl.; Massoia aromatica Becc.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1; Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I; Lauraceae

Scenarios analysis of energy mix for road transportation sector in Indonesia

Abstract: The design of future transportation energy mix has become an important issue in Indonesia. Oil-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel seems to be infeasible options in the future due to limited availability, high subsidy, and environmental issues. This paper presents energy mix model for transportation sector in Indonesia. The model considers a variety of feasible technology options and includes three competing objectives, i.e., energy consumption, fuel subsidy, and CO2 emission. Scenarios were developed to include business as usual (BAU), the introduction of compress natural gas (CNG) technology, vehicle retirement program, the implementation of hybrid vehicles energy mix which considers future behavioral factors. The result indicates that the most effective strategy to reduce energy consumption and eventually fuel subsidy is through retirement program of old vehicles. The introduction of the CNG vehicle on public transportation appears to give little significance in reducing the annual subsidy costs, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

Delays in diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer in Indonesia.

Abstract: Background Emphasizing timely diagnosis and treatment of cancer are important themes in pediatric cancer management, as delays adversely impact survival. This study explores various delay types among children with cancer and determines factors that influence delays. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at an Indonesian academic hospital. Parents of newly diagnosed patients were interviewed between October 2013 and September 2014 using semistructured questionnaires. Patient, physician, diagnosis, treatment, healthcare system (HCS), and total delay were analyzed. Results Parents of 145 children (response rate 89%) with cancer were interviewed. Median total delay was 70 days (range 5–4,055). Patient delay (median 5 days, range 0–189) was significantly shorter than HCS delay (median 49 days, range 4–4,025, P < 0.001). Diagnosis delay (median 58 days, range 3–4,015) was significantly longer than treatment delay (median 3 days, range 1–89, P < 0.001). Older age at diagnosis significantly lengthened patient delay (P = 0.044). Using alternative treatment was associated with significantly longer patient and total delay (P = 0.025, 0.024, respectively). Cancer type significantly influenced physician, diagnosis, treatment, HCS, and total delay (P = 0.001, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Neurological tumors had the longest delays, whereas hematological tumors had the shortest. Sex, parents’ education or income level, disease stage at diagnosis, health insurance status, distance from hospital, and first attended health-facility type did not significantly impact the length of any delay type. Conclusions Healthcare providers need training to improve recognition of cancer symptoms and speed up subsequent diagnostic processes. Using alternative treatment increased patient and total delays. Community campaigns to encourage families to seek conventional cancer treatments are recommended.