Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Signal. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Distribution network reconfiguration for loss reduction using fuzzy controlled evolutionary programming

Abstract: Network reconfiguration for loss reduction in distribution systems is a very important way to save energy. However, due to its nature it is an inherently difficult optimisation problem. A new type of evolutionary search technique, evolutionary programming (EP), has been adopted and improved for this particular application. To improve the performance of EP, a fuzzy controlled EP (FCEP), based on heuristic information, is first proposed. The mutation fuzzy controller adaptively adjusts the mutation rate during the simulated evolutionary process. The status of each switch in distribution systems is naturally represented by a binary control parameter 0 or 1. The length of string is much shorter than those proposed by others. A chain-table and combined depth-first and breadth-first search strategy is employed to further speed up the optimisation process. The equality and inequality constraints are imbedded into the fitness function by penalty factors which guarantee the optimal solutions searched by the FCEP are feasible. The implementation of the proposed FCEP for feeder reconfiguration is described in detail. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed FCEP.

Anomalous Hall effect in superconductors near their critical temperatures.

Abstract: Measurements on epitaxial ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ thin films show that the Hall voltage just below the superconducting transition temperature has sign opposite to the Hall voltage in the normal state. This can result either from quasiparticle effects, or from unusual vortex motion. Because we observe a similar effect in Nb thin films, we argue that vortex motion is responsible. A simple interpretation of the Hall effect then requires that the vortex velocity have a component antiparallel to the transport current. This motion, while contrary to existing flux flow models, could result from vortex motion damping similar to that expected in superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$.

Block oriented random access memory

Abstract: A block oriented random access memory (BORAM) is disclosed as comprising a plurality of memory arrays of metal-nitride-oxide semiconductor (MNOS) memory elements. Each memory array includes a plurality of the MNOS memory elements disposed in rows and columns, and serial or sequential means such as a shift register for writing and reading data to and from the memory elements through column conductors associated with each column of the memory elements. A temporary storage means such as a latch is inserted between each stage of the shift register and the column conductor, whereby a multiplexing function can be performed between the stage outputs of the shift register and the columns of the memory elements. Address means is provided for the rows of memory elements, whereby a row may be selected for entry of data through its associated column conductor. In one illustrative embodiment, a plurality of such assemblies is assembled into a block capable of being separately addressed, wherein each such assembly is capable of storing one bit of a multi-bit word of data. In turn, a plurality of such blocks is assembled to form the block oriented random access memory, wherein each such block may be randomly accessed, and the data therein sequentially read and written.

Training simulator for a nuclear power plant

Abstract: A training simulator for the full-scope real-time dynamic operation of a nuclear power plant utilizes apparatus that includes control consoles having manual and automatic devices for operating simulated plant components and indicating devices for monitoring physical values in the simulated plant. A general purpose digital computer configuration is connected to the control consoles to accept input data indicative of the operated condition of the console control devices and perform dynamic real-time simulation calculations for providing output data to the monitoring devices. An instructor's console, which has control and indicating devices, is connected to the computer configuration to perform functions that include initializing and "replaying" selected operational states of the simulated plant. The majority of the control components of the simulated plant, such as valves, pumps and controllers, are simulated separately from the simulated system they control. The computer organization is structured to perform a combination of sequential data processing at predetermined repetitive time intervals; and to perform event oriented data processing with the capability of recognizing and processing data immediately upon the occurrence of an event. When the simulated plant is initialized or "replayed," the computer functions provide indications of the plant control devices which do not positionally correspond to the plant status. A plural digital computer arrangement is disclosed wherein the data in each computer is processed by its own control arrangement; and the interdependent data is synchronized by the control function on one computer and data link communication between computers.

High temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell configurations and interconnections

Abstract: High temperature fuel cell configurations and interconnections are made including annular cells having a solid electrolyte sandwiched between thin film electrodes. The cells are electrically interconnected along an elongated axial outer surface.