Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Signal. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Anharmonic Contribution to the Energy of a Dilute Electron Gas—Interpolation for the Correlation Energy

Abstract: The first anharmonic contribution to the ground-state energy of a body-centered cubic lattice of electrons, oscillating in a uniform background positive charge, has been calculated. The result is $\ensuremath{-}0.73{{r}_{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ rydbergs, with ${r}_{s}$ the radius, in Bohr units, of the sphere equivalent in volume to that occupied per electron. Combining this term with previous results gives for the ground-state energy of a dilute electron gas the expression $E={E}_{\mathrm{exp}}\ensuremath{-}1.792{{r}_{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}+2.65{{r}_{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}0.73{{r}_{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}+O({{r}_{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{5}{2}})$, where ${E}_{\mathrm{exp}}$ comes from the overlapping of electronic wave functions and falls off exponentially with ${{r}_{s}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$; while the ${{r}_{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${{r}_{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$ terms are, respectively, the Coulomb energy of a bcc lattice and the zero-point energy of the electrons.

Isotope effect in the dissociative attachment in h2 at low energy.

Abstract: The dissociative attachment cross section for formation of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ from ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, HD, and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ has been measured in the threshold range from 3.75 to 5 eV using a mass spectrometer for ion identification. A pronounced isotope effect is observed. The cross section of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ from ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ has a peak value of 1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$; ${\mathrm{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ from HD, 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$; and ${\mathrm{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ from ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$, 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$; all peaks occurring at 3.75 eV. Negative-ion formation in this energy range proceeds via the compound state $^{2}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$ whose lifetime against autodetachment is calculated from the above cross sections to be about 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ sec. Because of this short lifetime and the relatively long time needed for the atoms to separate, the probability of survival of the negative ion, and therefore the dissociative-attachment cross section in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ at 3.75 eV, is small. For the heavier isotopes, the separation time is even longer and therefore the dissociative-attachment cross section is minute. The same compound state is also responsible for vibrational excitation of the hydrogen molecule.

The Relationship Between Summer Weather and Summer Loads - A Regression Analysis

Abstract: When summer air conditioning contributes significantly to an electric utility's system peak load, it is useful, for load forecasting purposes, to separate total system load into two components: temperature-sensitive load and nontemperature-sensitive load. Examination of historical data indicates that temperature-sensitive loads depend not only upon coincident but also antecedent weather conditions. Regression analysis techniques using a digital computer have shown that the combined effect of these weather conditions can be expressed by one composite weather variable (WV). Total system load can then be expressed as Basic Load plus the product of WV times a coefficient of air-conditioning saturation. Results obtained by application of this method to historical data (1949-1964) of Public Service Electric and Gas Company are presented.

Low inductance cantilever switch

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for providing an electrostatically actuated mechanical switch utilizing a cantilever beam element fabricated by solid-state microfabrication techniques. The apparatus reduces the required pull down voltage and lowers the switch inductance by separating the pull down electrode and contact pad. The pull down electrode is placed further away from the fulcrum of the cantilever beam then the contact pad to optimize the mechanical advantages which allow for a reduced pull down voltage. The contact pad is placed closer to the cantilever fulcrum to reduce the associated switch inductance. The gap between the contact pad and the cantilever beam is less then the gap between the pull down electrode and the cantilever beam to insure that the cantilever makes first contact with the contact pad.