Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Signal. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Properties and microstructure of thin LiNbO3 films prepared by a sol-gel process

Abstract: Thin LiNbO3 films were prepared from polymerized sol-gel precursor solutions having various concentrations and water:alkoxide ratios in an effort to investigate the effects of these and other processing variables on the resultant film properties and microstructure. Films deposted on silicon substrates were mostly amorphous when pyrolyzed at 435°C for 30 min. Randomly oriented polycrystalline films having distinctive microstnietures were produced using longer heating times or higher temperatures. All of the films exhibited low refractive indices due to porosity, which was attributed to the low level of hydrolysis water required to produce stable polymeric precursor solutions. When single-crystal LiNbO4 was used as the substrate, epitaxial growth of the film resulted. This ideal case establishes the feasibility of producing epitaxial films via sol-gel processing. All films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thin-film x-ray diffraction patterns.

Electrical system with programmed computer control and manually initiated control means

Abstract: An automatically controlled electrical system controls a plurality of loads in the functions of load resetting, logical control, load sequencing, overload evaluation, and load shedding with single point control. A data entry and display means provides a manual interface with the system. The system utilizes remotely controlled power switching and circuit protective devices. A small general purpose computer is used to effect control functions by, preferably, multiplexed control signals. The computer directs the control signals to and from the appropriate switching devices and it also provides capability to program for automatic control, sequencing and self-checkout functions.

The Variation with Temperature of the Principal Elastic Moduli of NaCl near the Melting Point

Abstract: The principal elastic moduli of single crystal rods of NaCl were measured over the temperature range 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 804\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the melting point. The measurements were carried out by means of a tripartite piezoelectric oscillator consisting of a quartz crystal driver, an intermediate fused silica bar, and the NaCl specimen. The shear constants ${C}_{44}$ and (${C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12}$) decrease nearly linearly with temperature, reaching non-zero values at the melting point. The compressibility increases with temperature, but exhibits a sudden drop within a few degrees of the melting point. The results are compared with certain predictions based on Born's theory of the stability of crystal lattices.