Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Signal. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys Used for Nuclear Fuel Cladding

Abstract: During operation, nuclear fuel rods are immersed in the primary water, causing waterside corrosion and consequent hydrogen ingress. In this review, the mechanisms of corrosion and hydrogen pickup and the role of alloy selection in minimizing both phenomena are considered on the basis of two principal characteristics: the pretransition kinetics and the loss of oxide protectiveness at transition. In zirconium alloys, very small changes in composition or microstructure can cause significant corrosion differences so that corrosion performance is strongly alloy dependent. The alloys show different, but reproducible, subparabolic pretransition kinetics and transition thicknesses. A mechanism for oxide growth and breakup based on a detailed study of the oxide structure can explain these results. Through the use of the recently developed coupled current charge compensation model of corrosion kinetics and hydrogen pickup, the subparabolic kinetics and the hydrogen fraction can be rationalized: Hydrogen pickup incr...

Evidence for weak link and anisotropy limitations on the transport critical current in bulk polycrystalline Y1Ba2Cu3Ox

Abstract: Measurements of the transport critical‐current density (Jc), magnetization Jc, and magnetoresistance in a number of bulk sintered samples of Y1Ba2Cu3Ox from several different laboratories indicate that the transport Jc is limited by weak‐link regions between high Jc regions. The weak‐link Jc has a Josephson character, decreasing by two orders of magnitude as the magnetic field is increased from 0.1 to 10 mT at 77 K. An examination of the grain‐boundary region in Y1Ba2Cu3Ox shows no observable impurities or second phases to the scale of the [001] lattice planes (∼12 A). The effect of intrinsic conduction anisotropy is discussed. A current‐transfer model is proposed in which weak conduction along the c axis plays a role in limiting Jc at grain boundaries. Orienting the grains in the powder state during processing may result in enhanced transport Jc in bulk conductors.

Methods and apparatus for system fault diagnosis and control

Abstract: Method and apparatus for monitoring and diagnosing sensor and interactive based process systems. The knowledge base concerning the process system per se is in the form of a list stored in memory, which list includes domain specific rules in evidence-hypothesis form. This domain dependent information is devoid of means for interconnecting the rules to perform diagnostic services. A completely domain independent set of meta-level rules is stored in memory, which, in response to sensor and/or user input, searches the knowledge base and effectively constructs a rule network through which belief is propagated, to detect and report malfunctions, to output control signals for modifying the operation of the monitored system, and to aid users by providing information relative to malfunctions which pinpoints probable causes. The domain independent rules, in addition to the meta-level rules which search the knowledge base and interconnect domain specific rules, includes procedural rules for choosing which of the meta-level rules to apply when there is a choice. The procedural inference rules are independent and distinct from the meta-level rules which manipulate the knowledge base.