Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokine networks in neuroinflammation
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TLDR
Recent observations on the impact of dysregulated cytokine networks in neuroinflammation are summarized.Abstract:
Cytokines provide cells with the ability to communicate with one another and orchestrate complex multicellular behaviour. There is an emerging understanding of the role that cytokines play in normal homeostatic tissue function and how dysregulation of these cytokine networks is associated with pathological conditions. The central nervous system (CNS), where few blood-borne immune cells circulate, seems to be particularly vulnerable to dysregulated cytokine networks. In degenerative diseases, such as proteopathies, CNS-resident cells are the predominant producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, in classical neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and encephalitides, pro-inflammatory cytokines are mainly produced by tissue-invading leukocytes. Whereas the effect of dysregulated cytokine networks in proteopathies is controversial, cytokines delivered to the CNS by invading immune cells are in general detrimental to the tissue. Here, we summarize recent observations on the impact of dysregulated cytokine networks in neuroinflammation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Relays of Neuroinflammation
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent discoveries regarding the role of HSPGs, HS, and heparanase during inflammation, with particular focus on the brain, and how current knowledge could be applied to augment HS-mediated events during sustained neuroinflammation, which contributes to neurodegeneration in AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microglia, Cytokines, and Neural Activity: Unexpected Interactions in Brain Development and Function.
TL;DR: In this article, the same signaling pathways that regulate inflammatory responses to injury and disease outside of the brain also play powerful roles in brain development, plasticity, and function, raising the question of how the same signalling molecules can play such distinct roles in peripheral tissues compared to the central nervous system, a system previously thought to be largely protected from inflammatory signaling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphene Quantum Dots' Surface Chemistry Modulates the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Chemotherapeutics.
Giordano Perini,Valentina Palmieri,Valentina Palmieri,Gabriele Ciasca,Marcello D'Ascenzo,Jacopo Gervasoni,Aniello Primiano,Monica Rinaldi,Daniela Fioretti,Chiara Prampolini,Federica Tiberio,Wanda Lattanzi,Ornella Parolini,Marco De Spirito,Massimiliano Papi +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that surface chemistry modulates GQDs’ biocompatibility and can be adopted as a suitable delivery and therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma by both directly destabilizing the cell membrane and indirectly increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum dot cellular uptake and toxicity in the developing brain: implications for use as imaging probes
Mengying Zhang,Brittany P. Bishop,Nicole L. Thompson,Kate Hildahl,Binh Dang,Olesya Mironchuk,Nina Chen,Reyn Aoki,Vincent C. Holmberg,Elizabeth Nance +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that QD behavior is highly dependent on surface functionality and that treatment of cultured organotypic whole hemisphere slices with QDs results in dose-dependent toxicity and metallothionein increase, but no subsequent mRNA expression level changes in inflammatory cytokines or other oxidative stress.
Book ChapterDOI
Ethanol and Cytokines in the Central Nervous System.
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on key cytokines and chemokines that mediate the ethanol-induced neuroimmune responses and uses IL-1β, as an example cytokine, to discuss the neuromodulatory properties of cytokines on cellular properties and synaptic transmission.
References
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The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics
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Interleukin 17–producing CD4 + effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages
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TL;DR: Findings provide a basis for understanding how inhibition of IFN-γ signaling enhances development of pathogenic TH-17 effector cells that can exacerbate autoimmunity.
Journal ArticleDOI
A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17
Heon Park,Zhaoxia Li,Xuexian O. Yang,Seon Hee Chang,Roza Nurieva,Yi Hong Wang,Ying Wang,Leroy Hood,Zhou Zhu,Qiang Tian,Chen Dong +10 more
TL;DR: In vivo, antibody to IL- 17 inhibited chemokine expression in the brain during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas overexpression of IL-17 in lung epithelium caused Chemokine production and leukocyte infiltration, indicating a unique T helper lineage that regulates tissue inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation
Claire L. Langrish,Yi Yi Chen,Wendy M. Blumenschein,Jeanine D. Mattson,Beth Basham,Jonathan D. Sedgwick,Terrill K. McClanahan,Robert A. Kastelein,Daniel J. Cua +8 more
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