Journal ArticleDOI
Cytokine networks in neuroinflammation
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TLDR
Recent observations on the impact of dysregulated cytokine networks in neuroinflammation are summarized.Abstract:
Cytokines provide cells with the ability to communicate with one another and orchestrate complex multicellular behaviour. There is an emerging understanding of the role that cytokines play in normal homeostatic tissue function and how dysregulation of these cytokine networks is associated with pathological conditions. The central nervous system (CNS), where few blood-borne immune cells circulate, seems to be particularly vulnerable to dysregulated cytokine networks. In degenerative diseases, such as proteopathies, CNS-resident cells are the predominant producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, in classical neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and encephalitides, pro-inflammatory cytokines are mainly produced by tissue-invading leukocytes. Whereas the effect of dysregulated cytokine networks in proteopathies is controversial, cytokines delivered to the CNS by invading immune cells are in general detrimental to the tissue. Here, we summarize recent observations on the impact of dysregulated cytokine networks in neuroinflammation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mapping of Central Nervous System Immune Cells Reveals Distinct Myeloid Subsets in Health, Aging, and Disease
Dunja Mrdjen,Anto Pavlovic,Felix J. Hartmann,Bettina Schreiner,Sebastian G. Utz,Brian P. Leung,Iva Lelios,Frank L. Heppner,Jonathan Kipnis,Doron Merkler,Melanie Greter,Burkhard Becher +11 more
TL;DR: High‐dimensional cytometry reveals that microglia, several subsets of border‐associated macrophages and dendritic cells coexist in the CNS at steady state and exhibit disease‐specific transformations in the immune microenvironment during aging and in models of Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Inflammation-Centric View of Neurological Disease: Beyond the Neuron.
TL;DR: This review will describe the current state of knowledge concerning the biology of neuroinflammation, emphasizing mast cell-glia and glia- glia interactions, then conclude with a consideration of how a cell's endogenous mechanisms might be leveraged to provide a therapeutic strategy to target neuro inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Meningeal Lymphatic System: A New Player in Neurophysiology.
TL;DR: The meningeal lymphatic system can be viewed as a novel player in neurophysiology by altering the accessibility of CSF-borne immune neuromodulators to the brain parenchyma, thereby altering their effects on the brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain and Peripheral Atypical Inflammatory Mediators Potentiate Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
Duraisamy Kempuraj,Duraisamy Kempuraj,Ramasamy Thangavel,Ramasamy Thangavel,Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar,Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar,Smita Zaheer,Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed,Sudhanshu P. Raikwar,Sudhanshu P. Raikwar,Haris Zahoor,Daniyal Saeed,Prashant Natteru,Shankar S. Iyer,Shankar S. Iyer,Asgar Zaheer,Asgar Zaheer +16 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that mast cell-associated inflammatory mediators from systemic inflammation and brain could augment neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrated single cell analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes in multiple sclerosis
David Schafflick,Chenling Xu,Maike Hartlehnert,Michael Cole,Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck,Tobias Lautwein,Jolien Wolbert,Michael Heming,Sven G. Meuth,Tanja Kuhlmann,Catharina C. Gross,Heinz Wiendl,Nir Yosef,Nir Yosef,Gerd Meyer zu Hörste +14 more
TL;DR: A single-cell characterization of cerebrospinal fluid and blood of newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients is provided, revealing altered composition of lymphocyte and monocyte subsets, validated by other methods including the interrogation of the TFH subset in mouse models of MS.
References
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