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Journal ArticleDOI

Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene

Changgu Lee, +4 more
- 18 Jul 2008 - 
- Vol. 321, Iss: 5887, pp 385-388
TLDR
Graphene is established as the strongest material ever measured, and atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime.
Abstract
We measured the elastic properties and intrinsic breaking strength of free-standing monolayer graphene membranes by nanoindentation in an atomic force microscope. The force-displacement behavior is interpreted within a framework of nonlinear elastic stress-strain response, and yields second- and third-order elastic stiffnesses of 340 newtons per meter (N m(-1)) and -690 Nm(-1), respectively. The breaking strength is 42 N m(-1) and represents the intrinsic strength of a defect-free sheet. These quantities correspond to a Young's modulus of E = 1.0 terapascals, third-order elastic stiffness of D = -2.0 terapascals, and intrinsic strength of sigma(int) = 130 gigapascals for bulk graphite. These experiments establish graphene as the strongest material ever measured, and show that atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime.

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Three-dimensional graphene-based composites for energy applications

TL;DR: Recent progress in 3DG-based composites and their applications in energy storage/conversion devices, i.e., supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, and fuel cells are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mechanically robust 3D graphene macroassembly with high surface area

TL;DR: The synthesis of a three-dimensional macroassembly of graphene sheets with electrical conductivity and Young's modulus orders of magnitude higher than those previously reported, super-compressive deformation behavior, and surface areas approaching theoretically maximum values is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI

Wearable and Miniaturized Sensor Technologies for Personalized and Preventive Medicine

TL;DR: A review of achievements and standing challenges for the development of non‐invasive personalized and preventive medicine devices and directions for future research in miniaturized medical sensor technologies are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI

Exfoliation of large-area transition metal chalcogenide single layers.

TL;DR: A novel mechanical exfoliation technique, based on chemically enhanced adhesion, yielding MoS2 single layers with typical lateral sizes of several hundreds of microns, to exploit the chemical affinity of the sulfur atoms that can bind more strongly to a gold surface than the neighboring layers of the bulk MoS1 crystal.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mechanisms of molecular permeation through nanoporous graphene membranes.

TL;DR: The results identify a nanopore geometry that is permeable to hydrogen and helium, is significantly less permeability to nitrogen, and is essentially impermeable to methane, thus validating previous suggestions that nanoporous graphene membranes can be used for gas separation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers.

TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
Journal ArticleDOI

Two-dimensional atomic crystals

TL;DR: By using micromechanical cleavage, a variety of 2D crystals including single layers of boron nitride, graphite, several dichalcogenides, and complex oxides are prepared and studied.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Phenomena of Rupture and Flow in Solids

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of surface scratches on the mechanical strength of solids, and some general conclusions were reached which appear to have a direct bearing on the problem of rupture, from an engineering standpoint, and also on the larger question of the nature of intermolecular cohesion.
Book

Physical properties of crystals

John F. Nye
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical properties of crystals systematically in tensor notation are presented, presenting tensor properties in terms of their common mathematical basis and the thermodynamic relations between them.
Journal ArticleDOI

Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load

TL;DR: The tensile strengths of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were measured with a "nanostressing stage" located within a scanning electron microscope and a variety of structures were revealed, such as a nanotube ribbon, a wave pattern, and partial radial collapse.
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