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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal pathogens.

TLDR
How immune- mediated colonization resistance against antibiotic-resistant intestinal pathogens is influenced by the composition of the commensal microbiota is discussed and recent advances characterizing the ability of different Commensal bacterial families, genera and species to restore colonization resistance to intestinal pathogens in antibiotic-treated hosts are reviewed.
Abstract
Colonization resistance — protection from exogenous pathogens by commensal bacteria — can be mediated by direct antagonism and by indirect effects on the host immune response. This Review outlines our current knowledge of immune-mediated colonization resistance against clinically relevant, antibiotic-resistant intestinal pathogens and how insights into commensal bacterial species and their mechanisms might be therapeutically used to restore resistance.

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Citations
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Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation

TL;DR: In high-income countries, overuse of antibiotics, changes in diet, and elimination of constitutive partners, such as nematodes, may have selected for a microbiota that lack the resilience and diversity required to establish balanced immune responses.
Journal ArticleDOI

The human skin microbiome

TL;DR: In this Review, amplicon and shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing studies that have been used to assess the taxonomic diversity of microorganisms that are associated with skin from the kingdom to the strain level are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Emerging pathogenic links between microbiota and the gut-lung axis

TL;DR: Although the gut–lung axis is only beginning to be understood, emerging evidence indicates that there is potential for manipulation of the gut microbiota in the treatment of lung diseases.
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Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome

TL;DR: The differences between PPI users and non-users observed in this study are consistently associated with changes towards a less healthy gut microbiome, in line with known changes that predispose to C. difficile infections.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome

Curtis Huttenhower, +253 more
- 14 Jun 2012 - 
TL;DR: The Human Microbiome Project Consortium reported the first results of their analysis of microbial communities from distinct, clinically relevant body habitats in a human cohort; the insights into the microbial communities of a healthy population lay foundations for future exploration of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome as discussed by the authors.
Journal Article

Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome

Curtis Huttenhower, +247 more
- 01 Jun 2012 - 
TL;DR: The Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far, finding the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals.
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Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome

Curtis Huttenhower, +253 more
- 14 Jun 2012 -