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Journal ArticleDOI

T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design

TLDR
The importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections is highlighted.
Abstract
T cells mediate effector functions through a variety of mechanisms. Recently, multiparameter flow cytometry has allowed a simultaneous assessment of the phenotype and multiple effector functions of single T cells; the delineation of T cells into distinct functional populations defines the quality of the response. New evidence suggests that the quality of T-cell responses is crucial for determining the disease outcome to various infections. This Review highlights the importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections.

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Immunotherapy coming of age: What will it take to make it standard of care for glioblastoma?

TL;DR: Critical background information in neuro-immunology is summarized, immunotherapy clinical trial design is addressed, and a number of extrinsic factors that will impact the development of immunotherapy in Neuro-oncology are discussed.
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Effector Memory Th1 CD4 T Cells Are Maintained in a Mouse Model of Chronic Malaria

TL;DR: A linear pathway of differentiation from central memory to early and then late effector memory cells is demonstrated, and may explain the observation that in humans with chronic malaria, activated effectorMemory cells are best maintained in conditions of repeated exposure.
References
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Journal Article

Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.

TL;DR: A panel of antigen-specific mouse helper T cell clones was characterized according to patterns of lymphokine activity production, and two types of T cell were distinguished.
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Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions

TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
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Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells

TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
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An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

TL;DR: Gko mice have been developed which fail to produce IFN-gamma (gko), because of a targeted disruption of the gene for IFNs, and succumb to a rapid and fatal course of tuberculosis that could be delayed, but not prevented, by treatment with exogenous recombinant IFN.
Journal ArticleDOI

Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens.

TL;DR: The expression of distinct sets of TLRs and the corresponding difference in reactivity to microbial molecules among subsets of pre-DCs and imDCs support the concept that they have developed through distinct evolutionary pathways to recognize different microbial antigens.
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