Journal ArticleDOI
T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design
TLDR
The importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections is highlighted.Abstract:
T cells mediate effector functions through a variety of mechanisms. Recently, multiparameter flow cytometry has allowed a simultaneous assessment of the phenotype and multiple effector functions of single T cells; the delineation of T cells into distinct functional populations defines the quality of the response. New evidence suggests that the quality of T-cell responses is crucial for determining the disease outcome to various infections. This Review highlights the importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections.read more
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Immunotherapy coming of age: What will it take to make it standard of care for glioblastoma?
TL;DR: Critical background information in neuro-immunology is summarized, immunotherapy clinical trial design is addressed, and a number of extrinsic factors that will impact the development of immunotherapy in Neuro-oncology are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety and immunogenicity of the novel tuberculosis vaccine ID93 + GLA-SE in BCG-vaccinated healthy adults in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial
Adam Penn-Nicholson,Michele Tameris,Erica Smit,Tracey A. Day,Munyaradzi Musvosvi,Lakshmi Jayashankar,Julie Vergara,Simbarashe Mabwe,Nicole Bilek,H. Geldenhuys,Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya,Ruth D. Ellis,Ann M. Ginsberg,Willem A. Hanekom,Steven G. Reed,Rhea N. Coler,Thomas J. Scriba,Mark Hatherill +17 more
TL;DR: While cohort sample sizes in this phase 1 trial were small and results should be interpreted in context, these data support efficacy testing of two administrations of the lowest ID93 vaccine dose in tuberculosis endemic populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
rBCG induces strong antigen-specific T cell responses in rhesus macaques in a prime-boost setting with an adenovirus 35 tuberculosis vaccine vector.
Isabelle Magalhaes,Donata Sizemore,Raija K. Ahmed,Stefanie Mueller,Lena Wehlin,Charles A. Scanga,Frank Weichold,Giulia Schirru,Maria Grazia Pau,Jaap Goudsmit,Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon,Mats Spångberg,Jan Andersson,Hans Gaines,Rigmor Thorstensson,Yasir A. W. Skeiky,Jerry Sadoff,Markus Maeurer,Markus Maeurer +18 more
TL;DR: AFRO-1 induces qualitatively and quantitatively different cellular immune responses as compared with BCG in rhesus macaques, and represents a valuable marker for vaccine-take in BCG-based TB vaccine trials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential regulation of effector- and central-memory responses to Toxoplasma gondii Infection by IL-12 revealed by tracking of Tgd057-specific CD8+ T cells.
Douglas C. Wilson,Gijsbert M. Grotenbreg,Kenian Liu,Yanlin Zhao,Eva-Maria Frickel,Marc-Jan Gubbels,Hidde L. Ploegh,George S. Yap +7 more
TL;DR: Excessive exposure to IL-12 during CTL priming may limit the development of long-term protective immunity through the decreased fitness of central memory CTL responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effector Memory Th1 CD4 T Cells Are Maintained in a Mouse Model of Chronic Malaria
Robin Stephens,Jean Langhorne +1 more
TL;DR: A linear pathway of differentiation from central memory to early and then late effector memory cells is demonstrated, and may explain the observation that in humans with chronic malaria, activated effectorMemory cells are best maintained in conditions of repeated exposure.
References
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Journal Article
Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.
TL;DR: A panel of antigen-specific mouse helper T cell clones was characterized according to patterns of lymphokine activity production, and two types of T cell were distinguished.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells
Fiorenza Cocchi,Anthony L. DeVico,Alfredo Garzino-Demo,Suresh K. Arya,Robert C. Gallo,Paolo Lusso +5 more
TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI
An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
JoAnne L. Flynn,John Chan,Karla J. Triebold,Dyana K. Dalton,Timothy A. Stewart,Barry R. Bloom +5 more
TL;DR: Gko mice have been developed which fail to produce IFN-gamma (gko), because of a targeted disruption of the gene for IFNs, and succumb to a rapid and fatal course of tuberculosis that could be delayed, but not prevented, by treatment with exogenous recombinant IFN.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens.
Norimitsu Kadowaki,Stephen Ho,Svetlana Antonenko,Rene de Waal Malefyt,Robert A. Kastelein,J. Fernando Bazan,Yong-Jun Liu +6 more
TL;DR: The expression of distinct sets of TLRs and the corresponding difference in reactivity to microbial molecules among subsets of pre-DCs and imDCs support the concept that they have developed through distinct evolutionary pathways to recognize different microbial antigens.