Journal ArticleDOI
T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design
TLDR
The importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections is highlighted.Abstract:
T cells mediate effector functions through a variety of mechanisms. Recently, multiparameter flow cytometry has allowed a simultaneous assessment of the phenotype and multiple effector functions of single T cells; the delineation of T cells into distinct functional populations defines the quality of the response. New evidence suggests that the quality of T-cell responses is crucial for determining the disease outcome to various infections. This Review highlights the importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections.read more
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Emerging Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS
TL;DR: This review covers the role of immune activation in HIV immunopathogenesis, how that activation could be mediated directly by HIV replicating within and damaging the gut mucosal barrier, how HIV affects multiple T cell functions and phenotypes, and how chronic HIV replication induces immune modulatory pathways to negatively regulate certain functions in HIV-specific T cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytometry by Time-of-Flight Shows Combinatorial Cytokine Expression and Virus-Specific Cell Niches within a Continuum of CD8+ T Cell Phenotypes
TL;DR: 3D-PCA data showed much greater complexity in the CD8(+) T cell compartment than previously appreciated, including a nearly combinatorial pattern of cytokine expression, with distinct niches occupied by virus-specific cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection or lasting immune responses to M. tuberculosis? A TBNET consensus statement.
Ulrich Mack,Giovanni Battista Migliori,Martina Sester,Hans L. Rieder,Stefan Ehlers,Delia Goletti,Aik Bossink,Klaus Magdorf,Christoph Hölscher,Beate Kampmann,S. M. Arend,A Detjen,Graham H. Bothamley,Jean-Pierre Zellweger,Heather Milburn,Roland Diel,Pernille Ravn,Frank Cobelens,P J Cardona,B Kan,Ivan Solovic,Raquel Duarte,Daniela Maria Cirillo +22 more
TL;DR: The main issue regarding testing is to restrict it to those who are known to be at higher risk of developing tuberculosis and who are willing to accept preventive chemotherapy, and to identify an adaptive immune response against, but not necessarily a latent infection with, M. tuberculosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resident memory CD8 T cells trigger protective innate and adaptive immune responses
Jason M. Schenkel,Kathryn A. Fraser,Lalit K. Beura,Kristen E. Pauken,Vaiva Vezys,David Masopust +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown in mice that tissue resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM cells), non-recirculating cells located at common sites of infection, can achieve near-sterilizing immunity against viral infections by reversing this flow of information.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular regulation of effector and memory T cell differentiation
TL;DR: Progress is highlighted in the understanding of the diverse T lymphocyte subsets that provide acute and long-term protection from infection and challenges arise in the application of this knowledge to rationally elicit desired T cell responses through vaccination and immunotherapy.
References
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Journal Article
Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.
TL;DR: A panel of antigen-specific mouse helper T cell clones was characterized according to patterns of lymphokine activity production, and two types of T cell were distinguished.
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Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
TL;DR: It is shown that expression of CCR7, a chemokine receptor that controls homing to secondary lymphoid organs, divides human memory T cells into two functionally distinct subsets, which are named central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM).
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Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8+ T Cells
Fiorenza Cocchi,Anthony L. DeVico,Alfredo Garzino-Demo,Suresh K. Arya,Robert C. Gallo,Paolo Lusso +5 more
TL;DR: Recombinant human RANTES, Mip-1α, and MIP-1β induced a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and may have relevance for the prevention and therapy of AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI
An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
JoAnne L. Flynn,John Chan,Karla J. Triebold,Dyana K. Dalton,Timothy A. Stewart,Barry R. Bloom +5 more
TL;DR: Gko mice have been developed which fail to produce IFN-gamma (gko), because of a targeted disruption of the gene for IFNs, and succumb to a rapid and fatal course of tuberculosis that could be delayed, but not prevented, by treatment with exogenous recombinant IFN.
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Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens.
Norimitsu Kadowaki,Stephen Ho,Svetlana Antonenko,Rene de Waal Malefyt,Robert A. Kastelein,J. Fernando Bazan,Yong-Jun Liu +6 more
TL;DR: The expression of distinct sets of TLRs and the corresponding difference in reactivity to microbial molecules among subsets of pre-DCs and imDCs support the concept that they have developed through distinct evolutionary pathways to recognize different microbial antigens.