Journal ArticleDOI
T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design
TLDR
The importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections is highlighted.Abstract:
T cells mediate effector functions through a variety of mechanisms. Recently, multiparameter flow cytometry has allowed a simultaneous assessment of the phenotype and multiple effector functions of single T cells; the delineation of T cells into distinct functional populations defines the quality of the response. New evidence suggests that the quality of T-cell responses is crucial for determining the disease outcome to various infections. This Review highlights the importance of using multiparameter flow cytometry to better understand the functional capacity of effector and memory T-cell responses, thereby enabling the development of preventative and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infections.read more
Citations
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Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to Prevent HIV-1 Infection in Thailand
Supachai Rerks-Ngarm,Punnee Pitisuttithum,Sorachai Nitayaphan,Jaranit Kaewkungwal,Joseph Chiu,Robert Paris,Nakorn Premsri,Chawetsan Namwat,Mark de Souza,Elizabeth Adams,Michael Benenson,Sanjay Gurunathan,Jim Tartaglia,John G. McNeil,Donald P. Francis,Donald Stablein,Deborah L. Birx,Supamit Chunsuttiwat,Chirasak Khamboonruang,Prasert Thongcharoen,Merlin L. Robb,Nelson L. Michael,Prayura Kunasol,Jerome H. Kim +23 more
TL;DR: This ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E vaccine regimen may reduce the risk of HIV infection in a community-based population with largely heterosexual risk and offer insight for future research.
Journal ArticleDOI
mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation
Koichi Araki,Alexandra P. Turner,Virginia O. Shaffer,Shivaprakash Gangappa,Susanne A. Keller,Martin F. Bachmann,Christian P. Larsen,Rafi Ahmed +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin, also known as FRAP1) is a major regulator of memory CD8 T-cell differentiation, and in contrast to what was expected, the immunosuppressive drug Rapamycin has immunostimulatory effects on the generation of memoryCD8 T cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of interleukin 22 but not interleukin 17 by a subset of human skin-homing memory T cells
TL;DR: The differentiation of T cells producing only IL-22 was efficiently induced in naive T cells by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in an IL-6- and tumor necrosis factor–dependent way and delineate a previously unknown subset of human CD4+ effector T cells dedicated to skin pathophysiology.
Journal ArticleDOI
SPICE: exploration and analysis of post-cytometric complex multivariate datasets.
TL;DR: Algorithms and a graphical interface originally developed to support the analysis of T cell functional profiles are reported on and a statistic for the nonparametric comparison of complex distributions to test for difference between groups of samples based on multi‐component measurements is defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity in the test-of-concept Step Study: a case–cohort analysis
M. Juliana McElrath,M. Juliana McElrath,Stephen C. De Rosa,Stephen C. De Rosa,Zoe Moodie,Sheri Dubey,Lisa Kierstead,Holly Janes,Olivier D. Defawe,Donald K. Carter,John Hural,Rama Akondy,Susan Buchbinder,Michael N. Robertson,Devan V. Mehrotra,Steven G. Self,Steven G. Self,Lawrence Corey,Lawrence Corey,John W. Shiver,Danilo R. Casimiro +20 more
TL;DR: Consistent with previous trials, the MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef vaccine was highly immunogenic for inducing HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and suggest that future candidate vaccines have to elicit responses that either exceed in magnitude or differ in breadth or function from those recorded in this trial.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
CD4+ effector cells default to the Th2 pathway in interferon gamma-deficient mice infected with Leishmania major
TL;DR: It is suggested that CD4+ T cells that normally respond to antigens by differentiation to Th1 cells default to the Th2 pathway in the absence of endogenous IFN-gamma.
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Accelerated CD8 + T-cell memory and prime-boost response after dendritic-cell vaccination
TL;DR: The data show that DC vaccination stimulates a pathway of accelerated generation of memory T cells, and suggest that events of inflammation, including the action of IFN-γ on the responding T Cells, control the rate of development of memory CD8+ T cells.
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Skewed representation of functionally distinct populations of virus-specific CD4 T cells in HIV-1-infected subjects with progressive disease: changes after antiretroviral therapy.
TL;DR: Interestingly, prolonged ART was able to correct the skewed representation of different populations of HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells but was associated with only a partial recovery of IL-2-secreting cells.
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HIV Gag protein conjugated to a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist improves the magnitude and quality of Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses in nonhuman primates
Ulrike Wille-Reece,Barbara J. Flynn,Karin Loré,Richard A. Koup,Ross M. Kedl,Joseph J. Mattapallil,Walter R. Weiss,Mario Roederer,Robert A. Seder +8 more
TL;DR: It is reported that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and ligands that activate DCs in vitro influence the magnitude and quality of the cellular immune response in nonhuman primates (NHPs) when administered with HIV Gag protein.
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Central memory T cells mediate long-term immunity to Leishmania major in the absence of persistent parasites
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that although effector CD4+ T cells are lost in the absence of parasites, central memory CD4-T cells are maintained and suggest that central memory T cells should be the targets for nonlive vaccines against infectious diseases requiring cell-mediated immunity.