National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Decision support system. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Geopolitical perspectives of the triangle “Kyiv – Minsk – Nur-Sultan”, situated on the Chinese “Silk Road” under the “American umbrella”

Abstract: The article examines the growing turbulence at the borderlands of Heartland and Rimland. According to Spaykmen, Rimland – a curve with countries situated between Heartland and EU external fortnight (as he called them Mackinder), this arc, he scored a Western European, Middle East, Southwest Asia, China and the Far East with British and the Japanese islands. Countries of this arc, in comparison with Heartland, possessed big human and industrial resources, both land, and sea capacity.

Впровадження деяких технологій подвійного призначення при дистанційному викладанні військових дисциплін: переваги та проблеми

Abstract: The article reveals some remote technologies in teaching military training. The role of the introduction of distance learning in the system of training of reserve officers is determined. The main advantages and problems of development and implementation of distance technologies in the education of future reserve officers are listed. Distance learning is built according to the same purpose and content as face-to-face training, but the forms of material submission and the forms of interaction between the subjects of the educational process differ significantly. The didactic principles of distance learning (principles of scientific, systematic and systematic, activity, principles of developmental learning, clarity, differentiation and individualization of learning) are similar to face-to-face training, but their implementation is specific. The characteristic features of distance learning are defined, namely: interactivity of learning, flexibility of learning; modular principle in the relevant military specialty; individualization of training on the basis of an individual schedule; economics of distance learning; no problem with the acquisition of educational materials and textbooks; parallelism of distance learning; openness and objectivity of citizens' knowledge assessment; high self-organization of citizens. Some approaches to solving problems of introduction of distance education are defined: development of the concept of distance education in all sections of military training; further development and adaptation of the Military Institute's corporate network; development, placement of electronic textbooks and teaching materials on the website of the Military Institute and creation of a database of distance education; organization of interaction between all participants of the educational process; creation of a single corporate system of distance education and unified resources; organization of training and advanced training of teachers and technical staff in the field of information technology in distance education, taking into account the gradual transition in teaching, including the Tactical Training module, to NATO standards, etc.

An Analysis of the Employee Behavior on Sales in L'Oreal: A Case Study of Pakistan

Abstract: This research is done to check the most effective traits of employee behavior. A quantitative approach was employed for this study. Data were collected from 120 participants using an online questionnaire. These participants are active users of Facebook who are residents of Pakistan and currently working on L’Oreal Pakistan, who are at a different position in L’Oreal Pakistan. Statistical analysis, such as binomial regression which is used for qualitative analysis used together with descriptive analysis, was used to assess’ factors affecting employee behavior in L’Oreal Pakistan’. The findings of the research show that the independent variable is indicators of leadership and reward has changed the behavioral motivation of company employees and this motivational, behavioral change has a positive impact on sales of L’Oreal Pakistan. This research investigated the factors which industry can use as a tool to change their employee behavior and sales. This will help to gain increasing generous offers and valuable insights to marketing practitioners and academics.

The Effects of Night-Time Road Traffic Noise on Discomfort - a Case Study in Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract: Background: Sound produced by the passing traffic contributes to noise pollution. Noise pollution affects the residents of both city and suburban areas. The noise produced does not only disturb the community living nearby the main road during the day but becomes worse during the night. The purpose of the study is to perform noise level measurement and subjective evaluation on the noise produced at night in a residential area along Paka Road, Dungun, Terengganu. Methods: Data of the noise level produced at night in the residential area were taken at three different locations using SoundTrack LxT sound level meter. These locations determined the effect of distances to the noise being heard. Data were recorded to produce LAeq, Lmax, L10 and L90. Noise pollution levels (LNP) and traffic noise index (TNI) were also reported. A subjective evaluation was conducted to investigate residents' perception of the effects of traffic noise at night in their daily life routine. This study employed a questionnaire specially constructed for the study based on related literature review. Results: The noise levels inside and outside of the residences exceeded the noise level permitted by Department of Environment (DOE) and World Health Organization (WHO). The noise level in the residence was 66.4 dBA which is much higher than the level proposed by DOE. While the highest LAeq of the traffic noise measured inside the residence was 57.5 dBA which is also considered as high. Moreover, the maximum noise level inside the residences could reach up to 85.3 dBA at night during the weekends.This study also showed that from 114 respondents who were selected randomly, 61% felt that their residential area is noisy at night. Conclusion: The noise produced by the traffic at Paka Road, Dungun at night is considerably high and affects the residents’ quality of life.

Empowered Leadership and Employee Outcomes: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement

Abstract: Drawing on empowerment literature and intrinsic motivation, this study examines the relationship of empowering leadership and employee outcomes (service performance and organizational citizenship behavior; OCB), along with mediating role of employee engagement. Based upon data of 970 officer level employees working in banking industry of Pakistan, hierarchical regression results demonstrated that empowering leadership behavior is positively related to employee service performance and OCB. Further, the results also reveal employee engagement partially mediated the relationships between empowering leadership and employee behavioral outcomes.