National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Decision support system. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Fabrikasi dan pencirian pencerai 3×3 berasaskan gentian optik polimer (pof) dengan teknik pelakuran berkos rendah

Abstract: Gentian optik polimer (POF) mempunyai banyak kelebihan dan banyak digunakan untuk komunikasi terutamanya dalam industri automotif. Komunikasi ini memerlukan maklumat yang banyak dihantar pada satu masa dengan kos yang rendah. Untuk itu pencerai 3×3 POF yang berkonsepkan pemultipleks bahagi jarak gelombang (WDM) yang berkos rendah dan berteknologi hijau difabrikasikan. Pencerai POF ini difabrikasikan dengan menggunakan alat yang murah dan mudah didapati, iaitu tiub besi dan lilin. Teknik fabrikasi yang digunakan adalah dengan memanaskan tiga lembar POF sehingga bahagian tengahnya mencair dan melakur sehingga mengecil dan memanjang berdiameter 1 mm. Pencerai 3x3 POF yang berjaya difabrikasi dicirikan dengan mengukur kehilangan POF sebelum dan selepas hujungnya diratakan dan digilap dengan dua jenis kertas pasir yang berlainan darjah kekasaran. Ini untuk melihat kesan gilapan pada kehilangan isyarat optik. Kehilangan pencerai POF juga diukur pada suhu yang berbeza bagi melihat kesannya pada prestasi pencerai POF. Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperoleh, dapat dilihat bahawa kebersihan dan kerataan hujung POF memberi kesan kepada kehilangan dengan penurunan antara 0.3 hingga 5.0 dB. Suhu juga memberi kesan kepada kehilangan isyarat POF, walaupun tidak begitu ketara, dengan purata peningkatan kehilangan sebanyak 0.3 dB. Walaupun secara keseluruhannya nilai kehilangan dalam pencerai POF yang difabrikasi ini masih tinggi, prestasi ini dapat diperbaiki dengan penambahbaikan pada teknik pelakuran dan penggunaan alat yang lebih berkualiti. Teknik pemfabrikasi berkos rendah ini dipercayai boleh menghasilkan pencerai POF yang murah secara komersil, tetapi dengan kajian yang lebih mendalam pada teknik pelakuran, punca kehilangan dan cara meminimumkan kehilangan boleh diperoleh dan meningkatkan isyarat optik keluaran.

Financial Access and Food Productivity Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan

Abstract: Food possesses a great importance in the lives of human beings as it provides energy and strength to the human body to think, grow and develop. The global population is increasing day by day, becoming even more difficult to manage food for every human being on earth. It is the responsibility of every state to provide food for its citizens. “Zero Hunger” is one of the major goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs’) which aims to eradicate hunger from world. Several causes of food insecurity are identified by researchers and policy makers. This paper explains the importance of financial intermediation in food security as food is a basic human right and one of the foremost major issues of the nations which needs addressed. Pakistan is considered one of those countries which are food insecure, while most of its population is poor and have large family sizes. There are many causes of food shortage and malnutrition like poverty, unemployment, inequalities in income, among others but the most pronounced is the weak agriculture sector and limited financial capacity of majority of its people. Nobel Prize winner “Amartya Sen” discussed the issue of food insecurity with respect to poverty (i.e. low purchasing power), however, this paper addresses the issue of food insecurity from the supply side. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of credit on food production. Financial intermediation can increase food supply by encouraging the use of quality inputs which aids food security. Primary data is collected through a survey, and the Cobb Douglas Production Function is used for econometric analysis. Results indicate that the credit plays a significant and positive role in the increase of food production. Production of the borrowers increased after utilizing the credit due to the use of quality farming inputs. Increased production leads to low prices which increases the purchasing power of the people and ensures food security by providing ample quantity of food for everyone and everywhere. It also reveals that credit is not only helpful in achieving the “zero hunger challenge but also for reducing poverty by increasing the income of the borrowers. The paper concludes with policy suggestions to strengthen the agriculture sector, financial institutions and credit policies thus ensuring food security.

Theoretical Linkages and Policy Approaches to the Environment and Security Debate: Providing an Overview

Abstract: This article provides an overview on the general linkages between environment and security and the various policy approaches to this thematic. More importantly, this article summarizes the key contributions within this book volume and outlines key points presented during the workshop’s discussion. This article is also meant to provide an overview of the various topics debated in the workshop. At the same time, the article concludes with further suggestions for the development of a more comprehensive policy approach responding to environmental conflicts.

Підхід щодо автоматизації процесів оцінки повітряного противника на пунктах управління Повітряних сил ЗСУ

Abstract: In the article offered approach in relation to perfection of special mathematical and programmatic за-безпечення АSC for the decision of task of recognition of intention of air opponent on the basis of new informative technologies of creation and use of bases of knowledge. The process of recognition of to intention actions of air opponent is examined as the poorly structured task, that stands before a person that makes decision, during preparation and conduct of battle actions. Reasonably for a decision poorly of task of the use of theory of fuzzy sets, that allows the to untie task of recognition of intention of actions of air opponent in composition the system of support of decision-making. As a base model of representation of knowledge of processes of recognition of variants of actions of air opponent in the conditions of vaguenesses a fuzzy set is reasonable as 2 and the unclear logical system is based on her, that allows to formalize tasks that does not yield severe formalization and have analytical character. Using of logical methods for creation of bases of knowledge provides possibility to facilities of automations in relation to the decision of task of estimation of air opponent on the whole, and in particular tasks of recognition of his actions, that is limited to mainly technical descriptions of computing facilities.