National Defence University, Pakistan

About: National Defence University, Pakistan is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Decision support system. The organization has 802 authors who have published 816 publications receiving 3701 citations. The organization is also known as: National Defence University of Pakistan & National Defence University Islamabad.

Evaluation of technology, trade, and inclusive development: Chinese experiences

Abstract: The present study begins by surveying, broadly supports the assertion that technology, trade, sustainability and development-led globalization is the path in the Chinese context not adequately paid to attention except with very few original or significant contributions. This research examines the existing pattern in the areas of trade, technology, investment with a view to locate in the development context in the era of globalization. This study also investigates theories of trade, technology movement under capitalist paradigm along with the empirical one. The survey broadly supports the frequent, through usually undocumented, assertion that China’s socialist market paradigm was not different from the capitalist mode of production as tended to neglect and to which they had made few if any original or significant contributions. Alongside, this study used secondary data and analyzed, where the results confirmed that foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and economic growth indicated the presence of long-run sustainable equilibrium relationship between them but created income inequality gap widely among people. It is, thus, important for policymakers to remove obstacles and improve the respective absorptive capacity in order to reap maximized positive inclusive development with equality basis.

Palm oil mill effluent's microbial fuel cell's optimisation procedure by using two-level factorial design method and chemical oxygen demand treatment.

Abstract: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technologies represent the newest approach for generating electricity (bioelectricity generation) from biomass using bacteria. Bio-electricity generations by MFC have gained considerable attention due to its integration with wastewater treatment. The objectives of the work are to determine the optimisation of MFC’s bio-electrochemical process using three different factors and its interaction, and to determine the optimal pH value for acidogenic, acetogenic and methanogenic by natural mixed culture electroactive bacteria (exoelectrogens) growth in presence and absence of oxygen using MFC. The two-level factorial design is used in order to achieve the main two objectives. The current generation, power generation and maximum power have been monitored. Experimental result shows that the best interaction between these three factors is (-+-) interaction which is the interaction between tryptic soya broth (TSB) , sodium hydroxide as pH controller and resistant of 200 Ω, and the interaction yield the power density of 57.44 mA m-2. The effects between those interactions also have been analysed. The interaction of all parameters that have been used in this experiment is given out the highest significant effect which is a value of effect of 24.56 with a significant F-value of 29.51. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction by MFC treatment data based on the COD effective deduction concept shows that DMP produced lower percentage of COD effective deduction efficiency compared to nDMP. nDMP was 342% to 441% more efficient to deduct COD compared to DMP. nDMP 6.8 recorded the most effective COD deduction by MFC

Misinformation and Disinformation in Social Media as the Pulse of Finnish National Security

Abstract: Social media is becoming more and more of a security threat. Dissatisfaction with the content and quality of the information flow is increasing not only at a national level, but also at the level of people’s everyday lives. Social media is one of the key channels for distributing misinformation and disinformation and has also become a key instrument for influencing political activity in particular. We define misinformation as shared information which is unintentionally false, whereas disinformation refers to false information which is purposefully shared for systematic informational influencing as well as for propaganda. The post-Cold War age has created a new global power order by using information – which is increasingly shared through social media – for political purposes. Small countries like Finland have become more and more dependent on the global information flow, while at the same time increasingly being subjected to the proliferation of misinformation and disinformation. Hence, social media has become an ever-more crucial factor in terms of national security threats. At the same time, however, it is also a potential platform for creating (generalised) trust in national security by means of sharing correct information among citizens. This study focuses on the flow of misinformation and disinformation on social media in relation to armed forces and national security. In this contribution, we also address issues related to the role of generalised trust for psychological resilience and explore the European Union’s role in countering disinformation.

A meta-analysis of ABCG2 gene polymorphism and non-small cell lung cancer outcomes.

Abstract: We aimed to analyze the correlation between ABCG2 gene polymorphisms of 34 GG/(GA + AA) loci, 421 CC/(AC + AA) loci, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapeutic effects via meta-analysis. With key words, the databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched for clinical studies on ABCG2 polymorphism and NSCLC. RR and 95% CIs were used to compute combined effects, followed by heterogeneity testing. Publication bias was examined using the funnel plot method. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis. Ten studies were included. No evidence of heterogeneity exists in these studies. The results indicate that two polymorphic loci of ABCG2 gene (34 G>A, and 421 C>A) had no relationship with the curative effect of chemotherapy for NSCLC, except ABCG2 34G>A, which had a significant relationship with the skin toxicity complication. There was no significant relationship between these polymorphisms and complications (skin toxicity, diarrhea, interstitial pneumonia, liver dysfunction, and neutropenia). Begg's test and Egger's test indicated that there was no obvious publication bias. The meta-analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between ABCG2 gene polymorphism and NSCLC outcomes.

Resource amassement as a tool of maximizing sea power in the indian ocean

Abstract: The paper discusses the fundamentals behind the Indian Ocean as the new pivotal of the twenty-first century cauldron, bearing high-yielding economic driving potential analyzed from the sparsely deliberated Classical Realist vistas of Morgenthau that form an intertwine between accumulation of resources and maximization of power. The aim of paper is to provide new dimensions to the IOR rivalry between the power-players whose preponderance remains vital to the control of the sea resources. The present geopolitical settings embedded in the virtues of multifaceted interdependence would not allow for war to be denominated as an appropriate strategy to win the concentrated control of sea wealth. Indian Ocean residues abundant possessions vibrant for the sustenance of human society, economic upheavals and for the purpose of modernizing military capabilities. The Blue Economy approach is subject of discussion in the study offers a way-out, stipulating joint development of resources as the rational approach which would foster cooperation, stability of the Sea-Lines of Communications and smooth running of the economic engines. The proposed approach would provide benefits extending to major littoral and regional states including India, China and Pakistan but also to the foreign stakeholders in the form of United States and Europe. Key words: Sea Power, Power Maximization, Resource Politics, Blue Economy